                          ˿µϣ20081119գ

08.11.18ûи
08.11.19, ӡࡷ
08.11.19, ľޡйѧԺתơ֮ʹ
08.11.19, ˼¡ҽԺٳ֡
08.11.19, Georgeൺѧ̩ɽѧߵƭ֣
08.11.19, һѧйҩƴѧڻŵķ
08.11.19, lw56102Ժʿ
08.11.19, WilliamLongţͨಿɾţ¡
08.11.19, xiaoniuѪҾȻĴʡƼȽ
08.11.19, ССҩ谷
08.11.19, ľȻܹȥ˶ʿƾ
08.11.19, HUIʾҹ2.25%Ĺ߱ѧʡ
08.11.19, ǿЭ10λƼ
08.11.19, ١ĴС˹̹ļ()Ӣź
08.11.19, ԻйԤˮƽҽǹ㣿
08.11.19, ġꡢӺͰδδ
08.11.19, è̹С˳ݡ̸顷
08.11.19, һͨıϼġѧʮֿɡ
08.11.19, rdyӡһ覡
08.11.19, ѧлС©һġ
08.11.19, ϻ 3ռ
08.11.19, Ժʿա˰ ÿÿ20Ԫ̬

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

                            

                             ӡ

    ȥʱͨҪѪѹʵѪҺʱڶ
ܱϵѹʱҰѪҺѹһѹ
ѪѹﵽߡȻţѹûˣѪڵ
ѪҺȻѪܲһѹҽ
Ѫѹݣ硰110/70Ƿֱ
ʱѪѹùߵĸ߶ȣף

    ûѪѹͲƶѪҺȫرѪҺ
ʱ򣬻Ҫ˷ҪѪѹ͸ˣҲñ֤ܰѪҺ
͵ͷȥжͷͬһ߶ȣ
ҪѪѹߣֻͨҪ40׹ѪѹܰѪҺѹëϸѪ
ܾˡ˵ת˸90ͨҪ100
׹ѪѹѪҺͷͻΪȱѪε
һƣͷദͬһλãѪҺԡ
ͷ߸ϵĳ¹ɣҪһô
ߵѪѹߴ300׹

    ಻ҪѪҺ͵ͷţҪ͵Σ
ų̼Ϊ˷εı˱ϸϸëϸѪܣԱ
Ҳʹ÷εĽṹǳ100300׹Ѫѹ
ѪҺѹΣαѪܽѡͲ鶯ȡһ
⣺ָɻɵ֣ұ߹ܷ
ѭ߹ѭѭľѪķԽϵ͵ѹ
˵ķζѹֻдԼ22׹ѪҺ͵β彻
͵ķҵļҷö࣬ѹҲ
࣬ѪҺѹ͵˷βȫȻѪҺ
ֻصķܶʼ˵ʵϿԿ
ࡣ

    жͬǵѪѹ͵ͣصĻѷѹ
ûбҪָңҿͨʵһҡ
ֵǣȴָңȥ񡢲
ࡣϸȴ񡢲಻ͬ񡢲
ŷζѭѭֵ
һҳŷζһ
Ҳ˵Ҽȿ԰Ѫ͵βҲ͵λ
ζĵطһƬ״İĤѪҺ
ŵʱѪ͵βʱѪҺѹ
ط

    ΪʲôصĹأĴ󲿷ʱûˮȴ
ʱѪ͵βҲܽ壬һ˷ѡ
ʱҵĳ״ĤǹرŵģλռľѪҪ
ȥβ彻ʱȴ±͵λȥˡѪ
Ȼ٣ǻɱãͨѭѪе
ˮһСʱøˮ滻һء
㸡ˮʱش̼״Ĥ򿪣Ѫű͵
ǲǱ񡢲Ƚ

    ˼ǣ̥УǰѷΡѭ
ȫģĺڲųĹ졣ζ
ܿܺ񡢲һѵҲѪѹߵ
ǵģӻʯ½أкܳȣЩ໹
ȱܣͷλñȽϸߣԺ񡢲һҪнϸߵѪѹ
ͷָࡣ

    񡢲ѪѹߵһôѪȽϴ󣬿ϸߵ
´лʣάֺ㶨¡ǿƲ⣬ȺܿǺ
¶ԺıʽԳþֹˮе˵
º㶨޺ôֽѪˡΪ¶
ǴѪģʵʱҲԷ

    ϵڳĺ˽㣬
һ֧˿еĿĲӷǳȳ¹
ǱضҪܸߵѪѹܸԹѪǵҲӦú
һĸǻͷķΡѭ1993ϴ״
ֿ໯ʯ乹ȷԤϵһҲǺ


2008.11.18.

й걨2008.11.19

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

йѧԺתơ֮ʹ

ߣľ

ʱ꣬ٴáйѧԺ͡תơſ
˵һҳֵţͿȥˣдʲô

һƪĿǡ йѧԺתҵչ
http://www.edu.cn/ke_ji_chan_ye_1086/20070320/t20070320_223660.shtml

ڿǰλᵽ˾ٿ˶»ᡢɶᣬܽȥһĹ
˾ְͨɵķֺÿλԱͨܶ
ֱӵջ񡣡ǹ˾ǹҵģͬʱҲʵʵԼġ
пƿһλֵ൱ϢְԼ˵

ڶƪǡпԺ12ӦͿлתƵ飨£ 
http://www.most.gov.cn/tzgg/200308/t20030811_7892.htm

мᵽڲܿ쵼Դ˾شˣܲð칫
ңж»ᣬɶҪǰ15֪ͨҪ۵ȸ֪λɶ
ɶ޳˲ܸɣɶ޳ɵľͲܸɣڲ湫˾ҲҪϸ
ơͱ˷һ˵ıײ

ǲܣһҲҶԴ
ʡתƴĶԸ˺ͶйѧԺз֮ʹҲҹ
ͬϵ˵

ȣ̸һйѧԺתơʷ

2000ǰ󣬹ԺҪʡйתһЩоûпԺʲ
ô¡йѧԺ쵼ҲӦʲôҪС
¹̡һǽһЩӦоתΪҵ׬Ǯ롱
ĳɹҲҲһνݵʮȫȫ
´ľйѧԺ龭о1999Ӧо
תƹ20007£һпԺ13ӦͿлһҸ
չҪطҵ12Ժίлڶ
134תƵλƻпԺҪеڶԼ65תƵģʯ
ͷӵĵһںڶûˣпԺתƽеγ
һγԡ

ܽʧҪʧȥĶ࣬£

һʲʧڵԭйѧԺݻѧоΪ
λԭռԼ400ĶԼ27ƽףתΪ˾ʱҪʲ㣬ԭ
λҲпԺģҪʲĻûмò
˭Ǯ0112½йעʱʵ¥ĲȨû
˾󣬿жڷǷС03꿪ʼȫزȣݵ
400ĶӦǶǮأԲǹ㶫ʡеˣ
Ǹˡ13λпԺʲԼ˶١

ڶԯޡûᣬ鷳תΪҵôְ
ҪΪҵԱԭְݽҽôпԺԭƶ
ִоˣִвˡݽ˵ҵֻҵλһ뻹
١ЩݵְԱ3ǧϣҵ˵ֻ1ǧ
ࡣְרŵԺȥϷúдţпԺ쵼Ĵ
Ȼ𡣲ڣҽ⻹ûнм仹иС£06ʱ
ԺרųĹתƹ˾ġƿعɡܾͬ־ָ
ԺְԭпԺתƳӦûʵļʣ
ܻشġһֱڸ˾ǰѵĵû뵽񡱸
ΪǶԸ¸ڹˣһûסȻ
ˡǣһǼʮϲվվϹ
ǵǸڹ˾¡СǵĻ£ݲ˳ΪֹпԺ쵼
ԭϣʡҵѣҪְݽ͵λзѣһû١06
ǵݽڻҪǡǵҽϣϣǰܽ

ʧܣ˱ˡתΪ˸ƻûʵ
ģٵָǰϵ·ŵԼҵĲһ
ʽǰڶеġڲܿ쵼Դ˾شˣ
ܲð칫ңж»ᡱԲеǻǰ衣ǵλΪ
תʱԹ̶ʲΪְԳòʽͬʡְԳԭҪ
35ֻ20ҡԭԳʱǰģ510
򣬴25һϰ2ǧ2򣨿ǷоԱܽǲܶ
Ҳ١еǮǲеġпԺռоȨ䶭
סڱģڱλȨǽ³ġ³ԭλ쵼֮
һùɷ˵һ˵ǵλǣ01ȫ
λԱᣬѡ¹˾ĵԱǵܾͬ־ûԵ
˾顣ǵĶ³˰2ƱԭпԺתƵԭ
95ĸƱֻǵԱǶΪǡϼ
Ϊѣ˺ܾò͵͵Ķ³Ϊǡƻѵ
˾Ҳûпȫ嵳Աˣ֪ϵ£

ڶǷ졣λڻ2ӣһԭй
ѧԺݻѧоһǡпԺݻѧ޹˾ҪΪ
ѧԺ͡пԺһģΪһ㲻ῴйѧ
ԺXX˾ġ֮壬֮ǧڵλϵͳȽϺг
ͬ־оԱѧίԱϯǵг
ֱӱ˾ѧίԱоԱƺţûоҪû
дѧǲʿ˵Ѿǲˡԭ˵2Ժֻù5꣬
̯쵼ˡһʧܵĶλ쵼ʾζ
븺Լ巸󣬴Ҷˡ2ӻȥ
ǸܻǮʮʮҪôʧҪôҲԼ
ܽĹӡ

ƻ֮ľΪף¸˵Ĺԭλתʱ
һйѧԺʵңάػѧصʵҡ04ʵΣ˾
¡Ƹ2λΣ³һλԭ˶ʿմʿ
˲ʿعƸΪ֮һͬʱΪоԱһλܾ
һλְʿáתǰԭλ4λоԱ2λ
³2ĲʿλУһѡ05꣬³ʹĸ
ѧпԺӦûѧģ˸÷Ρԭ
4λоԱҲȥĵλˣҲ߹ˡڸάػѧصʵ
ֻʣ34飬2ֱǶ³ܾģʵֻ
оԱͲĽепԺصʵרҺϼ
ܲ쵼ȫݿᣬʵҵĴҴһûһ
ʵҷҲûιۣǺε״Ȼͨ˿ˡϻ
ĻרҼơ

ԵȨԵĸܡ˾ܾͶ³ڵн30򣬶
8090ġҵѡ˻ΪǩּɱһС
Ϊһ㹫˾ǹ˾Ĵϼĸֲ뵽Ŀ
ѣԵǡǮ𡣶н⣬˾쵼ƽ
ֵһ仰С11ǧ9⵰10ƽǰ򡱡
ǶξʹйѧԺԺ͹ݷԺ쵼ӳɾû˹ܡ¶
ǰľìӵӦԱ֮£˾ְ೵ֻ
1ʮĴûг2СһļֵҲǿյڹ
ʮѵã˾쵼ǻѧ˿ʹ˾ԡпƻ׼
޹˾Ϊǹ˾ԭλĲԱغпԺ
Ϊɱɸù˾10ôӦĶԷӦǶǮӦ90
ĹȨǹ˾عУ³̹ص˵


ģƱˣ˿Ƽ8ǰйѧԺԼ˺񳤵ò
ֱֵۣӦҽҩסϡҪƼǧֹһ
Ӳ١㡱⼸йѧԺȫ³˽20о
֪գαصϣйѧԺ쵼°ѹ˾ת
ҵо8ʱȥˣԺǻԭΣôҪú
鷳Ԭ¡ƽԺʿ⣬һҪ˹߿Ƽ
ѧԺ⼮ԺʿԺ˵йѧԺд

ԺǣҪйѧԺ˸ģ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ҽԺٳ

ߣ˼

дˡΪʲôˡתͬ¿Ȼ11˫
סˣȻվǿ£ʶҶҽ
ʾŭȻûԼ뵽ˡ

ǰ죬ͬ´30ĶȥʱҽԺҽ
˵ӷɫܻƣл֢״ҪȥҽԺһ£ȷûٴ롣
ϽȥױҽԺ飬ҽʲôʲһ£˵
ָܸߣҪסԺơҽû˵ȸҺ˵Ҫ


ͬ´ҽԺʱ򣬸Һˡ˵Ǹ˵ҩ
ƻԼҲ˼д˰εĻش𣺡
ʲô취˼ҽ䣬ܸܲŸɰ˵˼ҽôˣ
϶ҩǵΪԼΪġҲܴһƪ¾ͷ
ҽܶСҶʱֻ˵ôõʲôҩ
һֽٻƵҩǧõģѾСˡϲ
һ£Ͻϱȥҽ¡õĻشǣõǱҩ
ĩˣҽڵһ䣺ôܲưŵǸϽ
޴⡣

죬ҽԺԺӵƴʩǣҺϹơͬ´ҽԺ
ţ˵ҽԺѪˣĸԻ㡣ҽҪ󻹵ס
Ժ伸ҺùգָϸνָǷǸʲ
ָ꣩ܳԺԼΣģԼҲܺáǵҺ
õʲôҩ˵ܹҩ̫֡֡Ȳݺϼ
ͻƵ£Ҳ顣ֲǿгԺֻܸȲݺϼͻƵ
ҩǿأһƵеĴҵصĴл
Ե»㡣ҩΪЧɷֺܶ࣬䲻ʹãҩΣҪ
Ķࡣҽ˵ָðˣֻЩҩͽ
ΪʣĸҳǳΪ˸ĸҳҽ
ȷӰȫ³Ժ

ĩˣҽӵͬһţȺԺҲ￴ˣ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ൺѧ̩ɽѧߵƭ֣

ߣGeorge

Դɽʡչ̩ɽѧƸൺѧֱӴӺƸ
ֻһѧƣ4-5ϵУԼġ[
ɽʡ2007֪ͨ

http://www.diam.cn/dongtaixinwen/kejidongtai/200708/52.htm]

ݿɿϢ200811ΪֹȻǼôMcGillѧҽѧԺȫ
ְڣӵжһоңκְ
[http://people.muhc.ca/jun-li.liu/]

ͬʱൺѧҽѧԺûʵң칫ңδû
οп⣬ҲδѧΡڹȥֻһѧǣ
ֺͳɹѱڸУĸĿ/ɹ걨УҼصѧƣ
ɽʡʮһصѧƼǿ裬ʿվʡƷγ̵ȣҽѧ
Ժҳϡ[http://qmc.qdu.edu.cn/1taishanxuezhe.asp]

Ϊൺѧ""ϣթҺʡھ֮
ӣĽݷݷѧ֮ӡ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

йҩƴѧڻŵķ

ߣһѧ

ڵĻţĿࡣһصѧĽڣԼѧ
˵Ϊʵʹļ׵ĻڸģȻдǵף
»磬֮ͽ

ٶڵĻʵģһͻֽᷢ£

12005꣬ھ١֤ǣԼϣѧ
԰԰Լ־ȷʵ4ߡⲻ

22007꣬ٴ١θڣɾߵ
֣Լǡⲻǵڶ𣿣

3Բѵڻеĳϣƪظ
йҽҩ档ҵ죬ǼһͶǷͶ
߼԰ѾÿóһΣԸʲôʱ򷢱ʲ
ôʱ򷢱

죬һѧڵѧ߼°

ڣ塰ٰ˳ܡӦ֪ɣȻҲ֪ܲ
ЩԴʺΪʵɫйڵΪ

---------- תʼϢ ----------
ˣ"ly606 <ly606@sohu.com>"
ڣ2008-11-17 11:46:02
⣺ Re: ڵһ

:
ƪ»Ӧ<йҽҩ>ֽϿ,ͬҲԼ
<ҽҩо>.ûʲô,¾Һҵѧ԰԰ͬɵ,
ͨѶ,ݹ涨,͵һͬ,ʲô,ҲȨ,
Ҳûʲô,Ҳõߵͬ,Ҫл,
лл!

עly606@sohu.comȷʹõͨѶ䡿

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

Ժʿ

ߣlw56102

֪ϽŮΪΪдƪ־һ
ʵ־Ȼ鷳ȻǴģΪп
ֽһţǳĳŮˣ
˳Ů˿Ϊƴ뷨ѿɿǳŮô
ˡȴԼԭȶôʵʤһҲ
һЩ£

˭֪ǰʵ״Ѿֵ֣ԭ޷ӦȻ
ı仯ܼܺȻĳЩſǱ׹ʿ
⡣ŮҲʽģıƺҲӦõͣ˳ŮҲ
ǻ𽥲ܷܶġⲻұ˵Ĺ۵㣬Ƕֻ
ŮòԼ۸ж͵ͬĶ²⡣˿ѾǶģ
ôҵĶ²Ҳ㹫ƽˡҵ⣬κβӦ
Աոշʿоᱳܴ
λԺʿ

λԺʿЩ꼫ĶѧĵĽϣȻ֪֮ǳ
Ҳ֪ÿһĻԭ򣬶ӡණ
ڹŴҲǹٷ涨ķǿȫ񶼶ҿ
ɣǿϰնӡô̵ͽǾ͸ˡ
Ϳ֮˼еĵطڼĳͻʷйۣΪ
ĴڿѧҪԵԺʿ᲻֪⣬Ժʿ͡ӡ
롶ʥ͡Ტ۷ӳĺڽ̹Ļҡ̺͵
йڽ̣Ļ̺˹һԺʿ˵ʵ
Ҫȫй˶ͬʱŷ̺͵̣Ҳ֪ԺʿҲȥ̵ͬй
Ļؽͽ̻ߵ̡

лִý֪йڻһѧо
еԼ˵Ĺ涨Ҳҽѧǣ
˻ǵĺҪѧҲԴΪȰɡֻ
ĿԺʿŻߵ·

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ţͨಿɾţ

ߣWilliamLong

ҷҵ¡ҵţĲƷڰٶ"ţ"ʱ
ҳʱҾ֪ţƪ£ȿʼɳǹ
ºŷۻ죬֪ţͨʲôֶͨ
ಿţֱ֪ͨҪɾƪ¡

ƪµɾҸеǳ⣬ʹõ"ҵĳĳ"Ϣ
Ǹ̬ȣûɿǵƵϢΪʲô˼Ҳ
ᱻɾʲôʱԼܵȨҲûˣ

뵽ǰİٶθŵıҿʼͬٶˣٶɾ
˾ţǻȥٶȣǶЩչҹȨ˵
ʲôأţϣٶûţǮɾ
ţƪ·ҳĵλãGoogleķڵҳ
ԼȨʹ÷ǵҵرȴ
ˣЩˣȴûܹǡ

Ȼд²÷ţǷű˵ܿ԰ɣҵ¿ɾ
ҷ˷ӵ¡ţ""ţ̵ܲܺȣƪ£ͬʱ
ҽµ۹ܣƪڰٶеţЩ
СǣǻͨʲôɾЩ"" 

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ѪҾȻĴʡƼȽ

ߣxiaoniu

ͻȻվ
http://www.sc.gov.cn/zwgk/gggs/200809/t20080924_363582.shtmlһ
ȽϸЦ飬˵ѪҾȻĴʡƼ
Ƚ

43ѪҩػоĴʡҽҩѧԺĴά
ҩ޹˾ɶҽҩѧҽԺɶҽҩѧ㡢ա콭
÷

2008928տʼʾʾ30죬ƶѾõȽˣֱ̫
ЦˣҲ֪λýġרҡ˭Ѫҵİȫۡ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ҩ谷

ߣСС

˿ҽҩۣ˴۽硣һƪģۡ
пɼκй˶ⱻҩӦԼʳƷ
ҩȾ

ƽС鳢ҩţ̿ز 

Դ: » 
:2008-11-18

йѧҳҩţϸԼּڶţÿ
أţеҩȻѧʲ 

йѧԺоӷҩзƽоԱ11
17ڽܼ߲ɷʱ˵ֳʾж˶ţпع
ֻвҩƸȾϸ֢ţҲϸ谷ء
ʾţ̴ﵽӦҵȫʵƷ 

ƽ쵼оСͳвҩеͶײҩԡ
ڴлص㣬ڷϸԼǿѧеġǾ
ءصҩƼٴЩҪƼڷţ
סӹĤ׵ϸԼʱЧ 

ƽ˵ʳеĿغѧʲҪ
գкеĹҩɷ֣пֱӵ¹Ⱥж
뿹زʳｫʹҩԣһʱҩｫã
еļпܵ弤ˮƽ쳣Ӱܡ 

ҩĽգȫԱڻѰҿƷ
ӷҩзвҩ̽µĽƳҩƼ
ʸɷ״ʱϡͽע䡣 

ƽڴҩѧϳɡвҩȡҩоĿǰũ
ҵҩصʵΡũҵҩίԱίԱΪϯѧ
2002ȹҿԽƻͰȫҩĲҵʾĿ
ҪоðȫҩƼ 

˽⣬ӷҩзĽǿţ̺ݵڵʳƷ
ȫоͬʱǽоСе;ԼӸ
ҩ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ľȻܹȥ˶ʿƾ

ߣ

ϺְĳУ˶ʿרҵĿʱѾȽ
˽ڵо״̫˷ѱʱȥѲо
ûȶ룬Ŀĺȷ족һ˶ʿƾҲ̫
Ҫѧ㶫ҪдеˮƽΪ׫дҵĶȥ
ѧУͼ˴йооҵĲοҲ֪
һ󳭣˶ʿעˮϮأϰΪƪʵ
ȥһ¡

ĿĿPMCģʽ̽֡ξΣʦǶ⾭
ó״ѧɣٴڡķƤϿоǡóס
Ŀо߹̹˾ƫģȻӻ
ƾĽǶȿڹ̫ˡֻǴɣڵ£ƫ
÷棬ӣhttp://blog.voc.com.cn/sangbaichuanϿôҲ
̫ԶԼ˽򶼲˽ôȥָѧ
ĵϿλڵȷûкúȥָ

ǹҲһ۰ɣӵڶ¿ʼ£ͷλ飬
¿ʼĿϣҪ˵¸еԼĶɣĿ¼ͺԿ
ЩҲϤףܶСķȥظݡģ
߻дʲôʦȻͬȥ
磬һͨˣֱǶ˶ʿƾĪ衣ߺ͵ʦ
ʶڴֻǿʵڲ񻰣عһ£
Ϊһձԡ

ͬʱҲ¶һĿǰҹ˶ʿĴ⣬ѧУ
΢õ㣬ܹһѧĵһԺУʵڷƾ
˿ȥ

ݹ48ҳĿ¼£

ժҪ.................................................2
ABSTRACT.............................................3
һ...........................................1
1.1ѡⱳ..........................................1
1.2оĶ........................................1
1.3о........................................2
1.4о״..................................2
1.5Ľṹ..........................................4
ڶĿ.......................................5
2.1ĿĶ....................................6
2.2ĿҪ....................................6
2.3ĿĻԭ............................7
2.4Ŀȡóɹǰ................................8
2.5ĿĻ............................9
2.6Ŀķչ................................12
Ŀģʽ...................................15
3.1 DBBDesign-Bid-Build..........................15
3.2 DBDesign-Build...............................15
3.3 DMDesign-Management..........................16
3.4 NCNovation-Contract..........................16
3.5 EPCEngineering-Procurement-Construction......17
3.6 PMCProject Management Contracting............17
3.7 CMConstruction Management Approach...........18
3.8 PMProject Management.........................19
3.9 BOTBuildCOperate-Transfer...................19
3.10 Partnering......................................20
¹ĿаPMC........................21
4.1ʲôǡĿа(PMC).....................21
4.2 PMCļʽصȽ......................22
4.3 PMCģʽıȽ................................26
4.4Ŀģʽѡ................................28
4.5Ŀа(PMC).......................28
4.6 PMCҪ....................................31
4.7PMC...................................34
¹ڴʯĿģʽʵ...............39
5.1ϺSECCOϩĿ.................................39
5.2ϺCSPC..........................................40
5.3ϾBYC-IPS.......................................40
5.4ڽĿ..........................................42
ͷչҹPMCҵ߽................43
6.1г..................................43
6.2ǿҹ̹ķɷ潨................46
6.3ĸҹеĿ........................47
6.4ҹĿг..........................48

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ʾҹ2.25%Ĺ߱ѧʡ

ߣHUI

˿08.11.17תӺ"ʾҹ2.25%Ĺ߱ѧ
"(ԭ20081117տƼձ)µĽ鷽Ϊ
2007ĵΪй31ʡֱϽе1869깫񡣵
÷ֲ׶βȸʳʾ10080ݣЧʾ10059ݡ
ס˸ߵĻʣ99.8%е̾10,000ʾû
ջصֻ21ݣлջصЧ)ָһĵ
ΪգThe Physicians' Foundation, ..., mailed surveys to 
270,000 primary care doctors and 50,000 practicing specialists. The 
12,000 answers are considered representative of doctors as a whole, 
the group said, with a margin of error of about 1 percent" (WASHINGTON 
Reuters, 2008.11.18, Reporting by Maggie Fox; editing by Chris Wilson)
270,000 (plus 50,000)ʾ12,0005%ҽæЩй
ĵ黹ũϴ硣쵼ɲ͹Ա߱ѧʵıΪ10.4%
Ͷ˿Ϊ3.0%ũΪ1.0%1%ũ߱ѧʣ100%֧
ѧ飿治֪йЭȡʲôԵõ˸ߵջʡĻÿݴ
100Ԫ ´βҪǼһݸҡ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

Э10λƼ

ߣǿ

10λƼǣԬ¡ƽǮѧɭ޸éҶơ
˼ȡǮǿÿ塢Ĺ⡢ѡ
_____________________________________________________
˵ʵʮλѧֻл޸ųƵĿң
ѡжԺܶѧ֪ʶͨ׵Ľ⣬Ժܶϰ˼ά
˼С

һƪ¡ԵʱѧνһλӡȸŮ
һ201λ23ηٶȳȽĵԵ񻰽ͨ׵
ָеĿѧʹ½βһʵӣ871
λ97Щֻδд꣬𰸾ѾóˡȤĿȥ
ƪ£˼ģ֤ܿ

http://mkd.lyge.cn/zhanzheng/a85/

ǮѧɭҾĺܶνѧƲǿѧֱ˵
αѧˡ·֮ΪԼѵģ 

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ĴС˹̹ļ()Ӣź

ߣ

˿չġȻָ֤Ȼѧо,
ṩ˰˹̹Զ˹<Ȼ֤>(ָ)޳ֵ:

»ʩ̹(Eduard Bernstein)Ѷ˹һȻѧ
ݵָ彻ңиҷⲿָǷӦøӡҵ£
ҪⲿָһλΪһʷעߣôҾͲ
ӡΪ۴ӵѧĹ۵Ǵѧʷ˵
ⲿָݶûȤζǣҿ룺ǵ

ڲ˹˼һȤףǿԳġ 
(<˹̹ļ>,Ӣ,, ӡݳ棬1977꣬202ҳ)

һЩѻ˰˹̹194067ո.˵,кж
˹<Ȼ֤>(ָ):

»ʩ̹ȫָҪҳ⣬ҵǶȫָ˵
ġҼţҪǶ˹ܹõʱ֮
ĳԾΪ˾޴ҪԣúЦˡԡ
񻰺ŦԼѧ磬1940꣬226ҳ

,˹̹Զ˹<Ȼ֤>(ָ)ֵ
ܵ͵,˶Դ˲ػ.Ȼ԰ίΪһ֮,һұϾ
ʷϴţ֮ΰȻѧ,Զ˹ָǷгֵж,
Աһ׼ȷ,Ӧܵ.

lgvu<˹̹ɶʱ˵Ȼ֤ǡ˵˵֮
>һ(XYS20081106)Ҳṩǰ,<˹̹ļ>
Ӣ԰˹ָ̹:

Զ˹ġȻָ֤κȻڡȻ֤
ʾĹâͬʱҲ˿ĨɷⲿΰִȻѧչ
ΰָ壻Ц ǡǡǰ˹̵̹֪ʲ
׼ƫǷС֮ıӵġ

ϵָҲս<˹̹ļ>,κ˶϶ܴ
ʺ:Ϊ˹̹<Ȼ֤>˵˲Ļ,һ̵
ʲ׼ƫġ֪֮,ƺͬڼʮ澳мַ밮
˹̹,<˹̹ȫ>β.Ȼֽӡ
<ļ>,޷.ͼһ̽,Ȼ鵽ܻشʵĲ,
Ǽ򵥵YES NO,Ӣ޷.Ұܳ,
ϣӢʺ,Ҳڸڶ˹<Ȼ֤>һ
һõġ.

Ҳ鵽Ƿ2005725յ22ʿѧʷרֻ
ĻҰеİ˹̹--˹̹漣100廪̳, 廪
ѧƼоΪ<˹̹ļ>ı
Ϊʶ̬İ˹̹ı.ϸӢڱ<˹̹
ļ>,ܻͬؽʶ̬,ͬȨƵļ
Ӧ,Լ޳ܵСͼԺΪͶɵĵ,һ·˵.
һֽӢ<ļ>мӽǴ˹̹˹
<Ȼ֤>ںʹķ˼.ڱܵ: 

ġ˹̹ļճ˾޴Ӱ죬У
ҲԿһЩʱӡ1988꣬Ƽձһƪ
ڳֵؿ϶ˡ˹̹ļļֵ岢ǿƼ֮Ҳָ˱
ע͵ȲֵһЩ⣬ڰ˹̹Զ˹Ȼָ֤
һµĽעУ˵Цġǡǡǰ˹̹֪
̵ʲ׼ƫȡΪЩһ֡ѧʱȾ
ԴˣӢһƪΪ˹̹ļΪʲôЩ󡷵Ļ
ӦУ˵ע1978д1983ӡʱİ汾
Ȼ̹ʵؽСһѪ̵ķ˼˵
ɱǣȾѹҳеʱķգǳ
ԼĵäĿҳϺšѵʹᵽĴУ
ÿѧƳɫɫִţƳҳֵ֧ţ
һʹĹ̡ 1974굽1987,ʹ·Ӣ
һ13֮á

ӢûаԼ԰˹ָ̹Ƹ͹,Ȼ
̫;Ҳûʹܵĵ,赭д˵һ䡱Ƕ
Υĵġ,Ȼһ˼ҲŤס,Ǹͷ˭û˵ΥĵĻ,
ȴĲ:š,äĿҳϺš,
ŵȻָо<Ȼ֤>,Ҫ, 
ĴСźҪðη.֮Ӣ
ʾ¸.

ĴСΪ,ֱ
. лlgvu,ҽܵǶζ԰˹ָ̹Ľǡ
š,֪Ӣһŵʧ,,
ġĴСź,Ϊ˿۶˹
<Ȼ֤>˱:л,ֻ,<Ȼ֤>
̳,˼䡱. (20081115ڴٴ¥Ԣ)

: һ鵽ӢѧٻԹ<ʮй֪ʶо
()>һƵ,ڴһ,lgvuο:

д:ġ˹̹ļһУӢ԰˹
̹Զ˹Ȼ֤˼伤ҵһŰ˰꣬
ΪʲôЩ󣿡һУٴιϲʡһ˵
עУΪά˹ʥԣ԰˹̹ͺˣS.Hook
ĹһŰٰʱɾ˶԰˹̹ԱŸ
˿۵ñӡΪоۺʷҶ˺˵Ĵ
ԡ񻰺͡ٿȫ顷дĴ
һλĿж˼ۼң˼ǲ޵ģֵ
˼侲˼

Ӣ԰˹̹һָ,1983ٰʱѾɾȥ.Ϊ
,lgvuԺ󲻱. ںǷΪС,.
κ,Сñ,ǰӰҰ
һЩ,1974130յġձΪ񶾵ģ
ӵַ,ȫֵġС,û.,
Ҳ.

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

йԤˮƽҽǹ㣿

ߣԻ
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_48670cb20100bf8e.html

һλͬѧ˽˲ϽһС˵еĳ

峤Ϣ,Ҫ.Ҷ, , . ޽,
˻̿. һϺס峤,һҪ֪.˵:峤ӲҪ,
һΰ,Ҹ.

峤:ʲôҪ? ΪʲôҪ?
Ϻ:ǡǹҪ?
عʲô?
ԭҪ!
ϵ˹ͷ?
ǡܵиɰ?

峤ǵ, ˵帴ӵ, ֻüһ˳˵:۹
Ҫ! , ? ڳʺԽ϶ըĻһ. Ǿը
, Ҳԭӵ, ͷ˵˰ɣ
ŶȻ

ͬѧݹΪЦڲڣʵĳй
Ĭӡ10µһڵġϷĩ˳ƪķԤ
һʵļ¼

19768¼Ĵʡˡƽ̷֮7.2ǿҵ
ǰרǷ˴ĺ쳣ҲԤе𣬶ԤҪ
Ҫߡ߼ߡͲߡһһ߾Ǳ
ǿġ
Ϣܿʹˣ˵ӷԤ£
ֵһƬҡڱ񾭼ѣĳ61վۼ
䷢Ͷˮʵڼֲסˣһεĵλϣ
޲˵һûˡҾͲˡĴѾҪԤ
ʱ򣬵ˡйԭԤĵίس˵
˵ԤºܵΪԤ̫磬̫Ӱ
졣ĴʡίΪ𻹱ԵѹԤڼ
ӵܵɽɽ

ԵԤΣϷĩ߲ɷõйѧԺԺʿѧ
йִѧγ̩˵øɴ࣬Ҳ
ʲôԤۡ 80ꡢѧ类ΪйԤ
һ÷ŮʿɴйԤҽ˵Ǿܽᣬ
ûۣ𡣡 ÷˵ǸҽһҽͱΪûˮ
ƽ

ΪѵԤҽʵǸ߹йԤˮƽôҽ
һԳϵۣҲкܶߵٴ֤йԤܹõ
ʲôۣмγɹԤաϷĩרǵԭ
йÿһȵƵĻ̣֮ǰɸо͸
ʡύԼԸȵĵԤۼͻƣҲͲ˵˭Ȩ
˭ȷȻۺϸزͬĽȻ̵Ҫ
ȵΣ򣬶Σ򻮶໮٣Ȩ⡣
˵56𣬻˺öȦö࣬Щĵ𣩾͵
ȥˡգԲұΪҪдĹҪҲ
˵ûʵһֲԺͱϵӹ߽ǶϿ鱨û
⣬©СÿʡԼΣܶ࣬ǸʡֻС
֮˵ʡͷܸǮ̫ƽҪǮʲôҪ
ֲҪ˵˴ǮҲýö
һеʡԤԱԤľֳˣ˵У
Ӧô͸ˣпܸأпܸᣬһ

ĵԤˮƽ˵ҽ˵йС 

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ꡢӺͰδδ

ߣ

տ˿ϵġꡢӺͰδδ
ڸֻǽѡ̲סҪ˵䡣

£˿ϺһƪվҲһЩԿ
һЩоοںŶһЩ֤Ķȴ٣Ƚɿ飬֮
д뱱ĳտ׵ĽķеϲеĶ۴ñӣ
ֿŵַԼԸԼŽ֤Լ
Ĺ۵ԶǶԵġ

͡ꡢӺͰδδ˵ָеλͻ
ܣеλкܶ࣬һ̸Ҳû㹻ʱ䣬Ϊ
еҲδػͬѰг̶ȣͱ˿
ɡ˾Ȩѧᡱ˹עԲһ
飬û̸ЩеĻɡ

˵Ӷ˼Կ˿ϵ£жƪҪ
ĳΪ֪ȸߣ˲óȻֵĻ˵һΪ˱
岻ϧǶ˼Ҳν˵ǿ̫ʵˡ

ȻԣѰйƵһԽʯйһ
ǰһӣԼһ¡ѵţѰ
⣬йоԹĳ̶Ⱥʵ𣿷еǼӣ
ѵҲԽʯ𣿵Ӱٵϵʱѵ
ŷӶйεΪ˵ѧ۵ĻӿҲ
ҪΪϷԱеһԱ˰ɡ

ԣ֪ʶӲǲףѧսŰܵ
ԭڣûһ͸˾ơ۵㷽Լ
ظNˡڵǣ翴ԱıɱԿֲ
ֶܷ֤ܷոȡѧ˵
ķʽȫ壬һĸñҵĸñӣ
һֱһֱǷʵĿꣿ

ʵֹǴ˵룬ŵķʽδؾǺķʽ
һʱҲ룺Ϊ壬Ϊǰ
Ϊ˵٣˺ܶλˣҪԼй
ԼǰܲƽĲء

⣬绹ᵽӵѧǼٴ򣬲֪ܷһ
ǧҪ˵ΪûкһΪҪĻ⣬
ͳ˼ٴˡ߼οںǿԵģ˵̫
ǣǿˡ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

̹С˳ݡ̸

ߣè

ÿһµʱ̸ΪֹǷǡԼ
л壬ֻӰ죬ȫȡԼϵͳ
ȻҲ԰ڻ˵ǡǡǣ˸ճʱǱȽϿհ
ģÿ˶һ󣬲ϵشӻиоĻϢ
ѧУԼĶȣϵطḻڳɳ
ܽĲͬڲͬˣϵͳͱúܲһˡ
ʱʱҲҲ

ͬһ£ͬ˻вͬķӦʶ֣Ҳġ
Ӧһ£Щ˼ءֲͬķӦӾĽǶ˵
ǡǡĳǵ״жĳǷھһҪͿ
һϵ龳ķӦǷͨǡ

ۣѰ͡š¼ܳһʱˣ
ƺನδϢĳЩ¼飬תԸ˵Ʒ
塢Ƿ֪顣ͬĲߣҲڳԼͬġǡ
״̬

š¼ȽԺжϣмԺ
оҲرšǩά˾ͷɵ
ϡȻĳЩˣΪǷ̰ΥȥǩߡЩ
ġǡ⡣

Ѷɱ˰Ӿɱ˰һͬ˻вͬĿ
ûаϸĵһϣǾרҰһѵľ
״̬вԣеĳЩ綯ΡǷԩǷӦ
޴жϡǷרңûϸо˾
ģڶ԰ûеһϵ£Ҳ޴ӶԳжϣȻ
˵밸ķרҲжϣ̸ʲôṫ
⡣ɱ˰κʱκ¶ǶἫΣԹĻ
ȨһּϿļ̤ӣܵɵӦƲã
ʣ롢ṫ塣

һɱ˰ǵĹעЩȤȥ
оҲǷǳġҷǳֺ֧ͬЩĹע
עصأҿֵùעసĻ
ֵùעαԺసķ

ɱ˷Ƿԩʲôԩɱֵز
ŤܼʱͷŵĽҪעΪʲô
ŤһΪԼȽرĸԣ
ʹϵţгⲻܵõȷͼʱЧĴЩ
Űá̬ᡢΥΥ̫ȱЧ
赼ŽԮĻʶȻҲԼɹ̫
˺ԼȵȡֻаЩŪˣһ
ҲܴȡѵıǵĻ״йزŵĹ
ЧʣԺ¼ķһѣȥ֡ĵ
õһϲзоôܴѰļΪ޵ϢȥŪ
Щ⣿ЩˣֵĹע˴˰˺ܶ飬
صıͷǷȥһƪй㷺ӰĻԻ󽱵ı
ѧС˵ߴ󽱣ŵѧڸǵĻ
ỷڷɵĽԼ˾Ĺ͸͹
ˣǹһ¡

̫ûиݡĿˮ֮ݼäĿɿ
ƻչ˹ڧ̳ϵŹΧ߲٣
޲ڼ棬Ҳа͹հ͹ĳЩˡǡ
ʵ״Ļı

йоŻ̹С˳ݡͬġǡ
ҲвͬķӦɡӦ˵϶ǣ 

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ϼġѧʮֿ

ʦ

ã

ʮðĸдţϣܹõָͰ

btv5СĿ1112ʼϼġƵܡ
Լ15ڿûô
ּʮϼ˵϶2
½ϼվhttp://www.21ppm.com/index.html

Ҿáϼѧʮֿɡ
ɵĿǰҪ¼㣺
1ϼƾʲô˵·顢ҵٵȵȣ
Щҽѧѧʲôݡ
2ϼվϳƵˣٲƬЩû
ҽƻȨ͹۵֤ݵ׼ȷ˭ϡɴݵó
ĽͨЩйزŵļ飿
3ϼվԳƵġͻסμӹʻ顱վû
һƪйƵڹһҽѧרμνʻ 
http://www.21ppm.com/hui%20yi/index.htmĺȴǺϣСӢ
¡ҽСΧֻᡣ
4ϼվҪ顢̡ҩ
5ϼġҽѧо20꣬ΪʲôڱҽҽԺ
˵ٴӦãΪҲҽҽѧԺн

ϼվϵݺܶ࣬ɵҲܶࡣﲻһһϣ
ʦܹڰæһַhttp://www.21ppm.com/ԼбҸ
ȫ׼ȷж

ʦֻһͨϰգӢҲܲ⣬ϼbtv5
ܶ౱˼Ҷڿվϳںϡϡɽ
ҲƵĽĿҾϼƿڿѧ֤ʮֲϽ
αѧǰʮַḻԴ֤ϣڰæܹ֮עһ
¡Ը⾡ҵ΢֮Эĵ顣ʵǲܹ˼£
ǷָܹЩͨϰ֤ϼվ˵
αӦЩźʵǲ֤ʵȡ

ҹдmailֵңٴθл

Ĵ𸴣




һͨı

ps2008꡶Сʱ

ײһ 2016

زܶ 735 1413 

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ӡһ

ߣrdy

һмӡռµӡ
ģһꡣڵõܵͬʱΪһ覣Ը
ź

ڳ"ųݣһ˵ߵҹ׷Գ
κ޶"ɢ"֮ĪǺͳеϵ"

ңγʿظ˵һԭˣٽʿڣɽ
ӣٹȣ˵ʿ˵ԵĻķչ˺ܴס
˵̫ͼԭ

⽨šαѧˮѧʿ
ĿѧʿͳҵϹϵʵвס

Щˮʿˡǻ˵Ǹ⽨
Ŀѧǿմ۳ŵԺ׷ͯա
ӵġ

鷳ˣ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

лС©һ

ߣѧ

ڡ˿ϣݶ¹ҽҽѧĸ֮ҡһ
С©һģڱ˵Ĵ֦ҶȻ׾аѱҩ
ҩ׼Ӻڡˡ̩ŵðƬ˵ɡгҩԵĴ
ӦԾаҩгҩȻ¹
С©ʵǱҪ׷ġ⡱Ϊ
µ׸İѱҲΪҽѧĿѧϽ̬ݡ
ԣ¹пϵġҪġʱġڴˣ¹ʾ
ĸл

󣬲дµҪҲ˵ԭ
ĶڶԴĲбõġִ󡢻伲ҽԼã
ԼҲҡһֶϰŹϲӦóеľ
ˣ͸ĹţĹͻ

ҽҽѧĸ֮ҡһģڷ԰гҩҩ
ҽβҽչļʵϣгҩҩпܴ
һЩԤĺԤĲΪˣȥ2£ͣһ
Щҩɷгҩ

Ȼ±гҩ¼ǧгҩУ160ֺ
ҩɷ֡ҩļͰǽƬҡ
Լü͵ȣҩҪ˶ӡƼ
˫ɡʹάCȡ磺

Ƭ1. 5 mg/Ƭ
սѹƬֶມ«0. 03520 mg/Ƭ
С˨а˽150225300 mg/
ظƬа˽ȱ31. 250. 37 mg/Ƭ
̽ⶾƬж44 mg/Ƭ
С˨ж150 mg/
Ƭж71 mg/Ƭ
ٽҩЧƬж100 mg/Ƭ
Ϣʹңж100 mg/
ٸңжӡȱ1001. 2 mg/
Ƭ ӡȱ500. 7 mg/Ƭ
ðƬжӡȱ420. 67 mg/Ƭ
θмѽңжӡ˫ҡȱ10025
1. 33 mg/
ð彺ңжӡ˫ҡȱ2424
1 mg/
ظ齺ңжӡȱ500. 750. 
75 mg/
Ƭˮ23 mg/Ƭ
ԶƬˮ᣻
Ƹðˮ0. 277 mg/g
ɢ9 11 mg/ 0. 3 g൱0. 033 0. 
027 mg/g
Ƭʹ

ϡ

лл¹

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

ϻ
3ռ

 ﺣ
й걨2008-11-19

    12Сʱķͥ򻢡ͦĵͥ
ĿڣʹñϷɫʮϻֵζֱ1710
ʱ 30,ⳡʽĶĻѱ4¡ͥ
ɡ̬ȽϺá̵Ҳ18簲ȻҡȻ3
ꡱĸнҲΪռ䡣

    ͥĿڳ ֤˵ҵָʹ

    927գʡѮԺһ󹫿թƭǷ
еҩͥͥУթƭдͽ2꣬Ƿеҩ
дͽ16¡ﲢִͽ26£
2000Ԫҡ1010磬ʽͬί
ʦΪб绤

    178ʱ30֣ٻհڰмԺͥ

    Ķˣᴦҵԡ顷Ϊ׼
ͥУγԼĵĻǼٵġڴǰ߲
ʦĻУʾԼ滢

    ͻȻʦЩֲʦʣ
Ϊʲôϳַ˵ҲҪ˵
ġΣһλᣬϣͥҼḺڣȻ
ʵйءϻƬٵĹؼϸʱȴλرܣŴá
شˡҲȻӦʦ

    ʱǷʹùƣơҲƬеĴ
ҶôģǡҲ

    ڿڹͥеǰìܣҪΪܲѡ
ͥͥΪĿǰйѽΪݡ⣬ͥе֤
֤ܹ໥ӡ֤ûвѵıҪܾ˹롣

    ΪҪ֤֮һ޴䵽֤ͥȻԸ
ü֤޴䱻֤ʱ˵ĻղΪǮ˵
׹˾Ҫ10Ԫϻգûձ߳500Ԫ
պӰҲûͬ⡣޴仹˵һĻƺҵ
ȥģҵָʳޣṩ˺ܶ෽㣬Ҫϻ

    䣬ԵЩ꣬3δӵ֤ԡǿϻ
ٶһΪгҪļٳͥ
ĶɺŮûб֤ͥ

    ΪһίɵĹΪʡҵĽ
ʱľΪթƭǲġ

    ˽صҩ绤ʦΪڷǴġ˽ص93ö
ӵһ70ʱӵѾ⼣߰ߣ
ܷʹδ˾ʹþǷͭӵǿƿԱ
ʱ˵˽ء

    ԺԱʧְӰթƭﹹ

    Ժ϶ʵʩٻյΪĿǰûκ֤ݱ
ָʹŻ߲ٻϻƬΪ
Ҳû֤ݱٻվͼƴӴ

    ͥľ֤ͱ۽㼯ڡǲΪ١ͥ
Ϊд֤֤֤ʵٻǰȷ֪㵽
ϱͻõؽ㶯ĿľΪƭȡͬƺ
ҵŹԱϱƬڼľΪ֣Ҳ֤
׷Ŀġ

    ڱ绤ġδְǻϻ¼ᷴ
ӳҪԭ򡱡ͥ϶ǼƬߣйԱδ
СӰթƭĹɡڼٻϻ¼ɵӰ죬Ӧ
Ƕթƭ̵Ĵڡ

    ͥʱ12СʱԺоթƭǷе
ҩдͽ6¡ǵнᣬܹʵ
ʵнϺõ̬ȺԵĻ֣滺3꣬
2000ԪҡԪϽʡҵ

    3ռ

    зԡ2ͽ̻3ꡱաʦ
ʾǺ⡱ӵ˵ĽǶ˵ǱȽģΪ
Ͼɡ

    Уɡ־ͦɡԶȻ
֤룬δ֤һλר̴ӱѮġɡ
¾ڰԺרһƵͬտˡͥ
ֱ֮󣬺¾ԼĲͷ¡ѮԺۿ
ʵ

    еİÿ񶼿һ¾ȴδԺ
αϴнϴŶˡ۵ѹ£κ¾ɵ
ͬտֱͥʵתУֳûԣ
Ժⲻȥͥ¾˵

    ойٻ¼ȫעܵ
ܴ𺦣һ¼ʼٸڶеоǲ̫᣿

    Դˣѧ·ѧԺԺѫΪȻܵѹթ
ƭͷǷǹ֧ҩڿԴӿʵķ
õȡڷϴڲࣻ˽ص93öӵܴ
һǺϷУڹսʱδϽɣͷǷС
ܲвģΣ̶ҲһûǺġ

    оûΥɹ涨Ҳһ⡣ѧ
ӢΪðƶɽũ񣬹̶䱾˸ûʲôô
Ҳû̫壬˾ƶȵĹػ

    ĶҲۡͥսŻվ
Ѹߴ5

    ˵ʱ䡢ϸŴθĿڣˡ
Ҳû˵κεеõôˣ˸
ѡ

    й׫ΪϴԶ¼Ļࡣ١
ٶӦ㹻ʵ˵Ļָʹߡߵְ𣬲ܶ
һβܡ

    ۣоڡ3ꡱ3ǲҿ
ģ3¹ǨҲƲɶˡ
ϻûĻôоν»СС»
С

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

Ժʿա˰ ÿÿ20Ԫ̬

2008-11-19Ϸ

ԺʿӦҵ񸶳

ڹݾейɭֳ̳ϣпԺԺʿ
ǶҵŷŶ̼̬˰ֲ԰ܹ˵
̬˰òҺУҵУһ

ΪڵΪ̼ŷߣӦΪܼŸ
ۣԿÿ20Ǯ̬𡱡

ܹݸ߼ߣȫůѳΪʵͨʽʹԴͼ
ٹҵŷţִʱڶܲʵܼѷǳУĿǰΨ
һܹЧİ취Ǿ쿪̬˰

ܹ˵̬˰ܴʹҵٶ̼ŷţҲܲ
ȫҵУܼӿҵĲҵ
˰ֿ̬ʹ֮γѭΪǹھ
߱ѾǺе顣

ܹݳϣһ˽ǵ飬Ϊ޹ģ˱
ĹûԼҪԿҶʵ徭вɹĸӰ졣

ܹ˵̬˰Ὣһּ󡢽ܼЧܽϲҵ̭
ʹҵ졣ǴһǶ˵ҵĵҲʹ
ʧҵӡʱһҪС



ɭַԽԽ

Źгģ2015֮ǰ̻ʴĿǰ
36.79%ߵ55%оĿҺܸˡг˵Ҫʵ55%ѡʵһ
е̻ʲԽԽãӦøءˮ
 55%̻Ŀʵ֣Ҳ̫ǿ

йѧԺԺʿ˵ 


ɭ̬ѧҡϺԭϾ1954ҵڱѧϵֲ
רҵйҵѧоԺɭ̬뱣ооԱڴ´˰롢
ᱱɽ̩ɽȻۺϿ죬ִǸɽ֡ϼ
ȴ֡ȴɼľ˹֡ëֵȶλоϴũҵ죬
ȻҵӪоԼů´ȴоǽȺƬ
̬ϵĶԪΪҹȻ½ͳһɭַ
ϵͳ´ǸɽչĸԱͬȺϵ֮Ⱥ뷢
չϵָйɭ̬ϵͳڶλо.ͬƹ´
ɭֿɳӪָϵ,ָйҡ;Ӫλˮƽɭ
ɳӪо1999굱ѡΪйѧԺԺʿ
, йҵѧоԺоԱԺʿ,ѧϵְڣ
ԺԺʿ20081118վейɭֳ̳ϣԿǶ
ҵŷŶ̼̬˰ΪڵΪ
̼ŷߣӦΪܼŸۣԿÿ20
Ǯ̬𡱡й ˰ĵһˣ

(XYS20081119)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys.xys-reader.org)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys3.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)