                          ˿µϣ20080624գ

08.06.24, ˿¾㣺xys2.dropin.org
08.06.24, йܿ۴סǰ
08.06.24, СϴѧϵԴ۸һͶ˾桷
08.06.24, ӡϿʷϵңϹһ෢ĳ̬
08.06.24, lw56102Ѵעһα顶й鱨桷
08.06.24, ֻݹٷŻ𣬲յ
08.06.24, Ρٲ½йԤﵽ73֮˵󵼹֮ӡ
08.06.24, ѰԤо
08.06.24, XӷʦܿΪ淶Ҫԡ
08.06.24, TAO270ȵҺ͡ϡϸ
08.06.24, Ĳص㱱ʦѧƸ̬ѧţĲߡ
08.06.24, 
08.06.24, ǰ¶йвҩƷͻױƷһСʡ
08.06.24, QQԤڲ
08.06.24, ǡüһש
08.06.24, Ϊܡ־оԱֵˮƽԶأ
08.06.24, й걨ԺʿȺѧս

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˿¾㣺

http://xys2.dropin.org

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һÿۼ96ԪĴױɣĻ֪ߵĳɽ¶ˮ

۴סǰ

ﱾ/
йܿ200822

Ƿ4ĵھų˾

4ĩһۼ۸񰺹Ĵ׵Ĺ˾λ֪ѧʿ
ͥù˾ƣ䲩ͺͽýɷʱۣ⹥
ġCEBӪס˾;Ӫ𺦡

״淽ӵıó޹˾¼Ƶ˾Ժ
ֹͣȨ5ȫۺ༰רҵƽýϹǸ⳥
ʧ20Ԫ

ĿǰԺѾϰ6
30տͥ˰

ӵʦڽܡйܿɷʱ˵ǰ˾һ
һѧйصȨϣֻεĽ㲻ġ򣬶
ס߼ߣѾӦߣԺ˹Ҫ
ϣܡø˽⡮CEBӪסࡱ

Ժͬ⹫˰ʱֱ̽ͬ

صCEB

괺ǰϦϺȵصĶҳУһΪCEB
ӪסƷÿۼ96Ԫһȱý֮Ϊ۴ס

̵˾ܣִ֮Աͨ׹˽30Ϊ
һֽCEBʣԡǿ忹ƣ

ڲƷУù˾˵CEBһֶϸ
ӪءÿʳöCEBӪף൱һοڷ4000άE衱

ͨҽѧӢרҵݿMedlineȴûҵCEB
йصκϢ˵˾ķһµ
ʣӦȷĹ䷢֣ȡѧϿɣǼг
רҵʶ

420գ˾Դ˻Ӧڱٿһŷᡣ
˾ϯѧ÷ڻ˵CEBֲϸCell Endophyte 
BacteriaӢдȫоĿѧָһѧ
˽

ܣ80ĸĸӡйѧԺ人ֲ
оڼ䣬ְٺϵϸд

ϸڵġԭ񡯣һ㲻ϸڣϸ֯϶
룬ҲϸΣ÷˵һѧչʷ
Ͼ̱塣

йܿũҵƼ˾Ϥоʼ20
50ĿǰΪֹѧ30ֲз60
ֲûвӦöڻо׶Ρ

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ҲͬĹ۵㡣˵ϸûʲô⡱Ӣ
introcellular endophytic bacteriaCEB

ӪҺݵ֣

ڷְٺ֮÷ĸĸͼһȵĿгɹ
Ӧõʵȥ

оǳɹؽֲϸӦˮˮ
ĵ10%15%ˮӪƷʣкܸ߿
SODӪɷݵĴס÷˵

20054£÷ĸĸ人＼޹˾ר
ŴֲϸʳĲӪɷݡ˺
Ϸֱ˼ֵлũҵ޹˾ͱó޹˾
ֱ𡰵CEBӪסۡ

ڽܡйܿɷʱһǿ˵ġƭ˵Ķ
ֲָǡп˥ϹЧ۴ס

һƭ˵ĶںųĲƷͲƭˡ
˵˾ͼѼͲƷΪһ̸

̸÷ĽȴӰٺȡֲϸ
CEBӪҺȻ󽫵ַӪҺнӾ֮
ٽũ֣ˮCEBӪأͳΪCEBӪصĴס

ͨݵֵķʽˮкĳʡйũҵ
ѧֲŴϵò˼飺Բܡ
УԴʣΩһ;ת

ĿǰΪֹûһתˮй׼ҵ֡

÷ҲϡCEBӪסתףCEBӪҺֻ֣Ǽ
ϸĳЩܣıˮԭеĻ򣬲Ŵԡ

йˮоˮγʽΪνӪҺ
ݵ֣ʹӪɷֵ˵ţУΪʲô
ֱӰ˷ŵӪҺȥһأ

ߡйܿĿǰˮƷֵĸԲȡͳĽ
ӼһƷֵԼҪ8ʱ䡱

Ƿתףôٺеϸô뵽ȥ
أˮʶ࿹ʵκɣCEBӪ׵
ҲʾɣĿǰоһ֪ļ

÷Դ˵Ľǣǵһ¼걨רʱ
⹫

ߴũҵƼ˾ϤĿǰоҪƳ΢
ϻũҩκʹٽֲйع涨
ΪϣӦϵǼǹ취ũҵ΢ල
걨ڼʹãӦũҩũҩǼ


λõĴǣǾûյ˾
룬Ըù˾ðٺϸݵһ£Ҳ֪顣

ÿɱ6Ǯ

ô֡۴סأ

շתҵһλ˽Ļˡԭ¡＼޹˾
¼ƶ¡˾³Ž

Žߡйܿ1995꣬ͺӡʼ
ҵһٺȴûCEBʣû
˵ʲôCEBӪء

ʮΪ˸Ŀǳüҹ˾Թ
ҺƣΪ죬Լм
⣬ʼաŽ˵

20047£Žӡֳ˶¡˾νĿ
ΪסŽʽζ³ӡι˾
¡

˾꣬ڽֲ˽400ĶˮŽܣ
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¶׵ĵϣȻȣͿԲˣͨˮ
ֲһģһûκλڡ

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ȫ⣻ջĵȰг10%ļ۸չ
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50ԪּɱĶ850׼㣬ôÿĳɱ
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û뵽ǣ˾Ȼ50Ԫһۡ

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2004ˮջ󣬶¡˾Ʒ͵ʡũ
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⣬ʧ

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ǸҰԭĸ߼ۡ

Ž˵ꡰˮĶȶﻹӵģͬʱ
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ƷʵĳŵŽ֡

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ꡣ200511·ݣ֪ܾ޴ʧ£¡˾
ȻչסֲЭɵطЭƺˡ

Žߵظ߱ߣΪӵǣڵײ֮ǰ20054£
ӡѱŹ˾Ů÷人
޹˾ίж¡˾ĸ߹ԱΰΪ˾ϯ
ĿʺɴŽԷ

š˵ŮŮ人˾ʵʿ÷
ܶ˰ļΪ˱⼼ʧŽʹйزŽ˷ӳ

Žǣǣ˾Ȼչ˲ֵũҩ
ĴףͶгۣ̫ˣ

ݶ¡յĲϣ0506˾98Ԫÿ幫ļ
ۡCEBӪסֲЭ飬׵չ۸
ֻÿ1.8Ԫ

ȵSOD

ô˾ĴǷõ˸ĽľӪ
أ

ù˾ƣCEBӪסͨ人ѧġйѧԺӦ
̬оũƷȫ뻷ġ˼άʵҵȶҿѧ
Ĳԣÿ︻ǿSODߴ30Եλ

SODǳ绯øӢдһֵʣѧ֤ʵ
ǿĿԣܹ𵽿˥ϵáʵϣSODھֲж
ҵҲˮֻǺٵ⡣磬人ѧ
1997ĲԣÿҬ֭еSODͿԴﵽ51Եλ
ԱW97C915O3

йѧԺӦ̬оũƷȫ뻷ĵһλ
˸ߡйܿ2007ĵȷΪ˾SOD⣬
231.9ԵλÿˡλͬʱҲǿֻ
Ʒڸù˾۵ĲƷǲܱ֤

ʹĸSODҲ𲻵˥ϵá˵
еĵһȺSODʧȥԡʹȺлԣҲ
ںһֽɰᡣ

˾Դ˵ĽǣCEBӪ׵ĻԳɷʧһ֣
󲿷ֻȻΪCEBӪڴϸڴġ

420յŷϣ÷ǿȻǲоSODġ
пԺ863ƻĿ͸SODɹѾ걨רѾҵ


ͨշתйѧԺ΢оҵλ͸SOD
ооԱߡйܿоСȷ863ƻ֧֣
ڵȪзһ͸µSODĿǰоԴʵҽ׶Σ
ûвҵ

ǰڽýɷʱ÷ᵽCEBпԺ
ɹתΪƷĿгɹ֮һCEBо޴ķչǱʱ
˿ѧԺԺķ֣һƻĿڹҵ֧¾
30ŬղҵڲɷУ߷ڵĵ
˾ǰĶ¡˾Ӫҵ

ڵİٺ֪ʶȨйѧԺ人ֲоŽ
ѯӡõĴǡǷְǸ
ģпԺļ

ɷùУϵ˾ϣɷù˾㣬
ʼûд𸴡

(XYS20080624)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ϴѧϵԴ۸һͶ˾

ߣС

ݵʦָʾףϷһ¼Եһ
йо¾Ȼݼһ˺棬һ
磬һݵ»ǱԭԭȫǾԴ۸ĺһͶģ

һ֣˾ȻϴѧϵΣڣ˶ʿʦ
Դ۸ı˵оܵ˶ʿʦСޱȡ

潫һöҲ۽磬һУ

1	PECVDƱSnO2ĤĽṹɷݺԣ磬1997
824-28ҳ

2	ĤPECVDƱԣϴѧѧȻѧ棩
1997348-51ҳ

3	SnO2ĤòԷ,ͷѧѧ,1997280-82ҳ

4	Sheet Resistance and Gas-Sensing Properties of Tin Oxide Thin 
Film by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, Plasma Science and 
Technology,16,No.2,Apri.2004

5	Characterizations of SnO2and SnO2:Sb thin films prepared by 
PECVD, Vacuum76(2004)7-11

ǱԺͳϮ£

1ȣܶȶƱSnO2籡ĤӰ죬ѧѧ
19932160-164ҳ

2, SnO2籡ĤƱѧо,ѧ,1993
4277-279ҳ

3¿,, PCVDƱSnO2:SbĤܷ, 
ѧѧ199321()44-48ҳ

ƪȫ3ƪµݺݣУļƪ
еĶĤɨ羵SEMƬȫԳ¿Ƭ
Ŵ1򱶸Ϊ2򱶣߲ͼ豸װͼ뱻3
ȫһ2еͼ23£뱻еͼ56
ȫһֻǽ۸ģֵ05۸Ϊ03
Ҳжദ˸֣

⣬˺ڴ˵2007귢ҲһͶ˵ϴѧ
ʦԷ¶ٷ𣬲֪ƭϴѧٽ𣿶
ȤԽһ

(XYS20080624)

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ϿʷϵңϹһ෢ĳ̬

ߣ

ڵķƶȾǸУĺҪءԴΪ
ᷢɽԼٵĺˣѧ
ĶҲˡѧѧ¢ѧԴֳ̬
ҳǱĳЩѧߵġ̬ס

Ͽѧʷϵڡҹѧ£һ١ٶ
ִ˲ƣʷѧǹŴʷѧ纱ƥŴʷѧЩѧΪ
ӰԸڵΪٽʷѧоУЯ֮
Ȼ˾壡жʣһǺȷϵ
ôһѧһѧòô
һ෢»ѧ£

ҳͿɷǽӼ߰ߡƩ磬

1ҡңƴƾƲԵĿʱ׹ܡӱѧ
20063ڡ
2ңƴƾƲԵĿʱ׹ܡݴѧѧ
20064ڡ
3ҡңʷ Ӱٴڵӽʷȫʫ
ʷܡ20066
4ҡңѧʷѧ˼ıȽо͸峯
ʢʷѧļֵȡ򡷣ѧ20076ڡ
5ҡǬʱڵĹٷʷѧ˽ʷѧѧ
20078ڡ

(XYS20080624)

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Ѵעһα顶й鱨桷

ߣlw56102

żһλҽ˿ԼĲתһݣⱾ
й鱨桷ԭΪӢģT. Colin Campbellǿζ
ѧӪѧڡΪλҽ˿תصĴǶִҽѧԵȾ֮
ʣϼⱾĺӢģͬʱԭߵ
רҵ½˳ļǼĽ

ȣİ鼮صĿݡ£

һColin CampbellӪѧİ˹̹˵
ҳһⱾӢҳļΨһ
EinsteinֳֻݽDVDҳ棬ҼҳҲû
ֱӰCampbellEinstein

ڶᵽŦԼʱ Ȿ˿ڴ½ý쵼
New York TimesվᵽColin Campbellֻж̶һ
ûκα˼֪ǲڹУҲ֪

ᵽŵζѧɭڣΪŵ
ѧ֮һ˵ɭⱾ˸߶ۣӢ
ҳнRichardsonCampbellһҳϵҳ鲻ż
ʾҲ˿ûᵽǰ߶Ժߵۡ

ûۿⱾ飬ԶеĹ۵㻹޷ۣţ̶к
ﵰ׿°ۿ¶òרҵʿʳƷ̵ķŭ
㹻ˡƺǵعϲʿʦүˡǶⱾҵõ
һҵע⣬ΪThe China Studyֻвķ
֮һƪййء 

(XYS20080624)

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ֻݹٷŻ𣬲յ

06863²洢Ŀ⣬ǹˣ˵Ҽ
ˣҲˡżȻ俴ƼϹ973ƻԤ㣬һ֮
־Ȼ˿ͬʱеƻ⣬磺

2006AA03Z333 Ƽùصٴǰо Ӣ й
ҽѧѧԺ
2006AA03Z350 ɨ羵ԭλʵʱۺϲϵͳƺ
ױεԭλо ì ѧ
2006AA03Z353 ģ׹̻ϵͳؼо ǰ ׿ѧ

2006CB932400 һάײϵԭ̼Ϊ 
ѧ ì   1145.00 
2006CB932401 ɿػⳡһάײԭλӹκʵʱ
 ѧ ì   526.00 
2006CB932603 ׼̨׸߶ȱ׼Ʒ ׿ѧ ǰ 
  156.00 
2006CB933304 ҩǿҩЧƵо й
ž62036 Ӣ   226.00 

ݿƼĿ涨ǲģȷʵڣֻ
ٷŻ𣬲ǰյưӿſԿ06ͬʱģ
е顣ַ

ڹصоչƻ973ƻĿԤʾ
֪ͨ
http://www.most.cn/tztg/200806/t20080620_62609.htm

ڡʮһ塱Ҹ߼оչƻ863ƻ²ϼ2006
רĹ
http://www.most.cn/tztg/200611/t20061124_38286.htm

(XYS20080624)

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ٲ½йԤﵽ73֮˵󵼹֮



ټҽ̳20086ɽҽҩѧУ½ҽ½˵
й½ųʵʣ˾ʮ꣬ڵԤ73ꡣ 
йҽƱǷǳģںҪ̸ԣ½ܽ
˵ȻйҽҵĲͶز㣬й˵Ԥֱ
ңΪйҽЧδԭ

й쵼̸йԤlife-expectancyĿǰѾﵽ73ꡱ
ʱ˺ܴһϵĴ1949˾35꣬ôΪͨ
Ҫ֪ڵ˾Ƕ٣2008껹ûйȥҪ2007˵
˵˾2007ûͳƳҪ2006ȫ˵˵ƽ
䡣1949˵ƽǲܺ2007ġԤȽϵġΪʲô
ܣ

ȻشʲôǡԤ

𣺡Ԥһ/Ŀѧ㡣
ɳùˮƽͳȥԭĿԷڸ
ϵļʺóĽȫǡԤڡ
Life Expectancy-- the number of years a child born in that nation 
can expect to live Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of 
overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at 
all ages. 

ӡԤLife expectancyĶΪ2007й
ǣȥֿʹ/һصļʺǹ/
ǿƽ73ꡣǸٵ֡ͳƵʱκһ
⡱Ĵ󶼿Բһս

磬ȿһάٿҵ2007ȫ221Һ͵Ԥ
life-expectancy 档й˱ȽϤĹҺ͵д棺
2λ Macau ( PRC) 82.27ꡣ
2λձ Japan 82.02ꡣ
3λ¼ Singapore 81.8ꡣ
3λ Hong Kong ( PRC) 81.68ꡣ 
5λ Sweden 80.63 ꡣ
6λĴ Australia 80.62ꡣ
6λʿ Switzerland 80.62ꡣ
8λ󶼻 France (metropolitan) 80.59 ꡣ
9λ Iceland 80.43ꡣ
10λô Canada 80.34ꡣ
11λ Italy 79.94ꡣ 
14λŲ Norway 79.78ꡣ
14λɫ Israel 79.78 ꡣ
17λϣ Greece 79.38ꡣ
18λµ Austria 79.21ꡣ 
22λ New Zealand 78.96ꡣ
23λ¹Germany 78.95 ꡣ
24λʱ Belgium 78.92ꡣ
25λӢUnited Kingdom 78.7 ꡣ
26λFinland 78.66ꡣ
29λ United States 78.06 ꡣ
31λ  Denmark 77.96 ꡣ
32λIreland 77.9ꡣ
34λ̨Taiwan 77.56ꡣ
35λ Kuwait 77.36ꡣ
36λ South Korea 77.23ꡣ
38λŰCuba 77.08ꡣ 
44λ͢ Argentina 76.32ꡣ
47λɳڵذ Saudi Arabia 75.88ꡣ 
49λī Mexico 75.63 ꡣ
53λ Poland 75.19ꡣ
75λHungary 72.92ꡣ
76λ Turkey 72.88ꡣ
76λйPeople's Republic of China (mainland) 72.88ꡣ
79λ Malaysia 72.76ꡣ
 82λ̩Thailand 72.55
 87λBrazil 72.2489λ   
89λNorth Korea 71.92ꡣ
90λRomania 71.91ꡣ
93λEgypt 71.57ꡣ
96λԽVietnam 71.07ꡣ
ԣ

ӵ36λԽ˻ɵĵطˡ磬ŵ89λ
71.92ꡣԽŵ96λ71.07ꡣôģһҪûԣ
ҪûȣҪûĹҡҽѧΪǵĶͯȱ
ǡΪһ˵£Ժ֪Ҫٴܷص
ʵ̨ҰˡŦԼȥƽݳֻס
е磬ΧһƬڡԽһĸ￪ųɹȻġ
ҡ2007ԽϺӻ᲻籱ʵͬ˳٣зԵ˺ûԵ
˻ͬ٣

ѡԤѾ˵˵ƽܸй
й󵼡Ļй˰ͳкŪѾ
˵˵ʵƽ䡣

ô2006йѾ˵˵ƽǶأҸ
ǡΪʲô˵ƽҸǣΪÿа
հ

ҿϺײ鵽2006̨ƽΪ74.57꣬Ů
ƽΪ80.81ꡣ̨ܽ˵2006̨ľ
ԽͣҲ20󽵷10ǰȣ̨ƽ4ꡣ 

Ͼ2006й˳ƽ䡣
ҸΪ̨ܱٻ10ҡԣ
½ƽ䣬ô½۷Ϊʲôǻôá
ת򣬱ɡΪʲôǻô̨10ꣿ
뿴ġ

Ȼ֣ЩҥԡܿΪʲôй½˻̨
ٻܶꣿ

һ2006̨ʮǣѪܼ༲򲡣
¹˺ףԸβӲףɱѪѹ 

2006й½飬оʮΪѪܲ
ಡϵͳ˼жϵͳڷӪʹл
ֳϵͳϰϵͳũʮΪϵͳ
Ѫܲಡ˼жϵͳֳϵͳ
ڷӪʹлνˡϰ

ҿ԰ѼȽϣΪĲǼϵͳ
׼ȷҲܱȳ˴Űɡ磬½ũ˼жϵͳ
ֳϵͳڷӪʹлνˡϰп
ꡣ2004й½ʮΧڣ˵ĸף20
30ꣻ˵Ӥꡣ

½ÿ걨ʮȫ㣬ȫ
30к78(ؼ)ĳͳơΪƫbiasԣ
ʹ30к78(ؼ)ʵƽ䣬Ҳ
ΪȫȷݡֻܲοҲ֪ϻ
ĸÿĹйҽҵʵ̫ˡ
ûʹ1949ƽ35ôģİɡ׼

й֪ʶ˵˵žũҲйƫԶסı
ҲйͳֶԱϺй˾
ذѱϺĳɾ˵ǡйĳɾ͡˵ɾ͡ûд˵
ͲҸıϺй񡱡

ģйغܶࡣĴݲʵˮģ
йÿÿ8ˣйɱ˵
ûҩж⣬ˮҩעڼʮ˴Ҳֻй˸ɣ
ҪҪȱиҪۣûǮļﲡ˾֮⣬󣬿
ѣٷ֮й˴ڼΪûǮȵȡ

壮ҸΪй½ȫҽƱˮƽ̨30꣬
50ꡣҲ˵йҪ30Ŭܴﵽ̨ˮƽ
50Ŭܴﵽ2008ˮƽţԵѾ׼
ʮҵ½ġ̨ҽԺȥιһ£һ㻹Ҫ֡ʱ׼
ҽԺˮƽܹȫйÿһũͱ߽30깻

ص

йҽʵ̫ˡص㣺1ҵĽ2
ʱ3

1	ҵĽ

30ĸ￪ŵоǡѧΪ壬ѧΪáĸ￪žȫִ
иҵҪִǣûע⵽еҵִ
ûܵ⽨ӣֻҽѧԴë50ǰҽ
˦Ҳ˦

ҵȣҽƷϵĻΪء磬԰
ڳУũȥΪũ񡣵ǣ
ũ尲ҽǺϸҽȥ

ҽѧ㣬ҽѧԺҽϸ񣬶δйĸӰ켫
ҩƷҩҩࡣҩעǼҩ
ûбȫȡҩע

2	ʱ

ӡ1948ͽȫҽƱˡˣҲȫҽ
ƱϣɱҲȫҽƱϡ̨۾͸Ҫ˵ˡȫҽ
ǸʲôȫÿһڴлƫԶũ
壬ʲô֧ҽҩѣһҪǮ
û֧һΪ֧ǮûǮļˮ
ƽͳǮһġйһ쵼͸˳ҩ˺ũ
ݡᣬڻΪ쾭ġȫȻ֪й֮Ƕ
ôƽȡرҽƽȡΪҪƽȾҽƽȣΪ˶Ҫ
ꡣ

˰˵ũ壬Ȼкϸҽֻ£ũ
ƽ70

120ǰձ͸ҽйΨһɹ֧ҽβ
Ĺҡ⻹

Ⱦı־֮һȽĹҼûдȾУ˰
̲йҸΣ÷ˣSARSڲңУǮ
ʱ׼Ƶİ̲ˣȵȡ

3	

ҪӴȵĵط￹ȾȾÿ
ʮˣˮͻȾҵͽ˰ȫʩ
ȫܣ·ֹɱΰãϸʳƷҩƷƶȣ
֪ʶԽ潼⣬ԴȾķΣ׶˰
ȫȵȡ磬ɹ涨12µĺӲڼҶһҪ
ţ³⡣

ȱҽѧѧ֪ʶҽҰҩȡҩעҩ
е˻ҽԺﵱڣҽ˿˲ҪгҩΪ˸
ҽԺԼǮȵȡй뿪̫Զˡĸҵҽʲˣ
ϴ˶Ǯ

йҽƵĳ״ҽҩҪ70%Ρҽҽ
ûáҽûã帴˵ȫֱϿ

ҽйҪٴʹáԤlife-expectancy
ʡ£

һ	ԤĸģʵġͿǴġ
ܷӳʲôµĻֻӳ˽ĺӽöôҸϲ
ܷӳÿææµµĳڵˡҪ˵й˵ˣͰ
ȥ˵ľƽ䣬λ䷶ΧԼµרŷ
ҡ

ڶ	ԤĿѧĿĺܶ࣬һĿΪвѧ
оɹŻŵˡǸı䲻ѧϿɵϰߡ磬
вѧΪÿһͶѾƿӳÿȳ
ͿԼ

	йǸȹңֲͬᣬֲͬԤ
ǣ1Ϻȹʴ󶼻͡2СС3ũ塣
ͬľǲͬġһ档

ģ	й˺ôϲرϲ˵κãΪҪ
ʵ˶ԡйѧҲСѧλǲáԤ
йҪЩ˵˵Ļ2006
ƽ䣬ҪҲҪΪη񡱡ûеڶһ

ǣ̨ˮ21Ա˫ع쵼Ӣ
ѧӢܹõصߵĲɷáЩ˶
Ĵ
꣩

οĶ

ԤָһҪųֿءԼϷļ
ʺܹ䡣ҵһĲϡݲϣرǰ
ԼȥͺͨʲôԤlife-expectancy

ƪݡӳ˥Ͽ⡱ı棬ǿ԰˵
ԤڷΪ֡һԤڲ֪֡
ΪڵĲ֡

һԤڲ

ܹӰ˵󲿷֡1) the genetics of your species, 2) 
the genetics of your familial strain, 3) your social and ecological 
environments, 4) your personal life-style and behaviour, and 5) your 
access to certain medical technologies. 1ֵͬŴء
ǰˣͻѭ˵Ŵء2˼Ŵء3
̬ѧ4˵ʽΪ5ܹõҽ
ˮƽ

󲿷УܹƺͿƵк1ṩһʺ
ס̬ѧᳫгᣬҪκ;Ⱥһ
ٱ磬õˮһҪɾͨȫȫܣܿ
𣬵ȡ2Ļˮƽߵ˻óĻˮƽȷʽ
ʳϰߡ磬߲˺ˮ̣ؽͨע
˶ȫԲԤȡ3ṩˮƽȫҽ

Ԥڲֽan average 
industrialized civilization һƽˮƽĹҵȴҡָ
Ӣ¹ձȡҲ˵һ˳ʱЩ
ʹƪµݡ
The tables are standard actuarial calculations, and the figures 
apply to an average industrialized civilization.

Ӹ¼пҵѾõĻԤ¼ԣѾ
Ҫ󲿷֣ͳƺѾ
ͳƽȥˣ磬ÿɱɱ
ȵȡһԣ55ꡣҵԤ
79.1ꡣţΪһĸ˵

֪ĶΪڵĲ֡
GENETIC FACTORS:   
Ŵ
For each grandparent or parent who died of heart attack or stroke 
before age 50, subtract 2 years; and for any who died from those 
diseases between the ages of 51-60, subtract 1.
1汲ĸүү̣⹫ţĸĸ50
ǰಡз磬ȥ2ꡣ5160ಡз磬
ȥ1ꡣ˵⹫49ʱಡôԼԤ
ͱ79.1-2=77.1꣩
If any of your predecessors had diabetes, thyroid disorders, or 
cancer and you are not taking special precautions as advised by a 
doctor, then subtract 1 year for each disorder. 
2汲ĸĸĸ˻򲡣״ٲ֢
㲢ûкҽ̸ЩҲûлҽȰԤЩ
ÿһȥ1ꡣ

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS:   
Ļ
If you live in an average industrialized society, make no change. 
If you live in an advanced technological society, add 2 years to your 
life-span. 
3һƽˮƽĹҵȴң޼Ӽ
ڱƽˮƽߵĹҵȴң2ꡣ
If you live in an emerging industrial society, subtract 5 years. 4
ڳҵң5ꡣ
If you graduated from college, add 1 year. 
5ܴӴѧҵ1ꡣ
If you income is less than $12,000, subtract 2 years. 
6$12,000/н2ꡣ

PERSONAL BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS:   
Ϊ
If most of your life you have maintained optimal body weight (i.e., 
you are presently and have been for some time neither over-weight nor 
under-weight by more than about 5 lbs, add 5 years to your 
life-expectancy. 
7һֱܱ׼أ5ꡣ
If you are between 12 - 14 lbs. underweight, subtract 1 year; if 
15 or more lbs. underweight, subtract 2 years. 
8ȱ׼12141ꣻ15ϣ2ꡣ
If you are overweight, subtract 1 year for every 10 pounds over 
your ideal weight. 
9سʱÿ101ꡣ202ꡣ
If you skip meals frequently, if you do not regularly eat two or 
three meals per day (including breakfast), and if you eat hurriedly, 
then subtract 1 year. 
10㲻ÿɵس͵ͣԷ̫죬⣬1
ꡣ
Subtract 1 year for each of the following types of food which you 
eat routinely:   
fast foods, refined sugar, fatty foods, salty foods. 
11²ʳƷߣ1꣺ʳͣǣ֬Ʒ
If you eat at least one meal a day containing foods from the basic 
food groups, add 2 years. 
12ÿܳһٽʳƷ2ꡣ
If you take a multiple vitamin and mineral daily or extra vitamin A, 
C, or E, add 1 year. 
13öάأƬֻάACE1ꡣ
If you eat a high-fiber food daily, add 1 year. 
14ÿԸάʳ1ꡣ
If you are a moderate drinker of alcohol (i.e. 1 glass of wine or 
1 cocktail per day) add 1 year. 
15ֻƣ磬һһѾƻβƣ1ꡣ
If you drink alcohol more than 2 per day, subtract 2 years for 
every 2 drinks beyond that. 
16һϣ2ꡣ
If you frequently sleep fewer than 5 hours or more than 9 hours, 
subtract 2 years. 
17ÿ˯5Сʱ9Сʱ2ꡣ
If you smoke more than 40 cigarettes per day, subtract 8 years. 
18ÿ쳬40ֻ8ꡣ
If 20-40 cigarettes per day, subtract 6 years. 
19ÿÿ쳬2040ֻ6ꡣ
If 10-20 cigarettes per day, subtract 3 years. 
20ÿÿ쳬1020ֻ3ꡣ
If you do not smoke but live or work with smokers, subtract 2 year. 
21㱾˲̣ͳ̵һ𣬼2ꡣ
If you exercise for half an hour or more at least three times per 
week, add 2 years (note: only the more strenuous, aerobically sustained, 
exercising counts such as swimming, hiking, racket ball, jogging, etc.). 
22ÿΣÿ30ӣ2ꡣ
If you are sedentary in work and outside of work, subtract 2 years. 
23칫ҵģڻ⹤2ꡣ
If you lead a mentally active life, add 1 year. 
24ḻ1ꡣ
If you are often bored and depressed, subtract 1 year. 
25㳣еĺ;ɥ1ꡣ
If you are basically happy, add 1 year. 
26ÿ춼е죬1ꡣ
If you are under chronic emotional stress and anxiety, subtract 2 
years. 
27оѹ꣬2ꡣ
If you are calm and easy-going, add 1 year. 
28ݣ1ꡣ
If you are highly aggressive, competitive, or easily irritated, 
subtract 1 year. 
29ҵǿϲϻ𣬼1ꡣ

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:   
If you live in a polluted environment, subtract 1 year. 
30ĻȾ1ꡣ
If you work in a polluted environment, subtract 3 years. 
31㹤ĻȾ3ꡣ

PERSONAL BIO-MEDICAL FACTORS:  
ҽѧ 
If your blood pressure is 130/90, subtract 1; if it is 140/90, 
subtract 3; and if it is 150/100 or greater subtract 5. 
32Ѫѹ130/90, 1; Ѫѹ140/90,  3; Ѫѹ
150/1005ꡣ 
If you take therapeutic drugs on a prolonged basis which have 
known side-effects, subtract 2 years. 
33㳤ڷ֪ĳָõҩ2ꡣ
If your blood cholesterol is 220 or more, subtract 1 year. 
34ѪҺ̴2201ꡣ
If your hdl cholesterol is low, subtract 1 year. 
35ѪҺкõ̴HDLͣ1ꡣ
If you frequently take drugs for recreation purposes, subtract 2
36˷ҩ2ꡣ
If you have annual or semi-annual comprehensive examinations for 
preventive medicine, add 2. 
37ÿһ죬2ꡣ
ȫ꣩

(XYS20080624)

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Ԥо

Ѱ

կѧҹʱָĺ۵ĻΪνԤ
⣬ָĳ¼δǰһԣҪ¼ʱ
䡢ط˵ԤͲҪݣе
Ϊ֪Ȼ֪Ҳδûݣռԣƣ
˵һݣʹ֪ҲԷ˵ġ

˶ԤҪҪռԵģȥ棬
ŴԤ⣬Ļ飬Ҫ棬ͲеˡҶ
ʱӴԤ꣬Ԥúܶ࣬Ҿֻסϰҡ

ϰԤܵ׼ȷԻǺܸߵģΪʱҲûн
Ԥ⣬ƣ·쿪ʼˣǺĳ˾ͻǵÿ
ϰˣ󲿷ֵԤºʽġСӵξǹϣ
żҲδ֮ʣҾ;һ𿴳ȺӵСϡϡԼ
ϰңȻĻ᲻꣬ԤҪģ׼ȷΪվû
꣬ҶģȴĶĸˡ

ԤоɲϰҸĹϵô򵥣ʽ뵱Ȼһ
ӸϰңλկרҹԤоĿģһԤ
¼ķߴٽ¼ķı䷢¼ĳЩȡ
˵棻ǵ¼ķɱʱǰ¼ĺ׼
Լʧ߽һ档

ճеԤȱȽǣ˵ҸϵԼҪ˵ǰ೵
ںʱᵽҶԤ⣬ȻӦ滮Ԥģģ
ܴԤҲԤһɡڿѧϣԤʱϸҪ
Ԥ׶ԣѰԤⱳĻѧоһעػר
ԤоƫԤ⣬ԻҪͲôˡ

еľԵĿѧоǹԤоһԣԤо
ϵͳԺܸ߻߻ܲ¼оԤĿָһĺ
ֻ߻Ƕ¼Ļʽиı䡣˵Ԥ⣬Ŀ
ǰҶֻ뼰֪ķԱ㼰Ӧԣȥıô
оԤоҽѧо°ʣĿľǸı䰩֢
ĻʣԴ༯ڻϣҲԤһ㲻ΪԤо

ԤоԻΪ׶Σ̽׶ΡԤ׶Ρ׶Ρ
ԤоָԻ׶Ϊʱֻǰ׶εоν̽׶Σ
ָо߶ĳ¼Ԥ¼BȤ¼ǰºԤҪ
ᾭ壬ǲ֪¼ĳ̶ֳʣ
оҪ̽Եعɴ¼ķɡ˵꣬ľԣ
ǶκϢҪѡԵر棬֮̽ǰ֮ǰ
ûȤϵͳռϢֻķȤԼ
Ȥڵ¼ӡ

һͨ˵̽׶ǺȻ£ǰĶ
˾ϰңǺǻ᲻Ϊ߽ϵڿѧϣ
Ϊ衣ѧġѧϲ󵨼裬С֤ʵ
ҪйɻоУĻʵоУԴڶѷ
¼Ĺɣȱ󵨼ͺ޿ѧֵܶΪǵġ
ѧҡϲѺ޿ѧֵļΪ󵨼裬ȻбȥС֤
Ц󷽡Ѱһ¼ABǰǼAķB
һϵϵԲAB룬̽Լ򵥵ر
ΪB A

ҽѧϸӢաĪά˹Ϊʱҽע
һҽԺеһĲ
ڶأʱάҲҽԺ˵ĺṩѷ
ҽԺвԸ⵽ĵһڶ򼷳һ
šôԵĶעⲻʵڲ񣬵ܶԵĶ뵱
ȻдڣºԼ

Ҳ˵ľߣԤ⣬ԤǻԤ⣬
ԤһȵڶĻҪö࣬ԲԸסһ
Ԥ˻֣ʱҽûΪʲôֻĪά
˹֣ѴҳʶԵԤ⣬УһоڵԤ
оУկרҹҲũָߵһ

ֻ̽׶εĵһΪоֻһǶǶԵĿԲ
⣬A֮Bܴ󺵣A֮дBܽAB
ϵ̽׶ҪһԶĺѷ¼

Īά˹ԱAǱڵ¼ָ
ݣBάݷֲ£

________һ_________ڶ
1841________237______________86
1842________518_____________202
1843________274_____________164
1844________260______________68
1845________241______________66
1846________459_____________105

ݣĪά˹֤ʵһʵԵ
һǵڶҲ˵Ԥ¼׷飬ǻطõȤ
BǰAĹϵƵģרҲط˼ٸԾǧĴڴǰ
ͼԤA¼󺵡

̽׶ΣĪά˹ʹõݶʵݣרȻ
ƿô𣬶ʵϴϡУʹռΪףռ
ʷǰ𣬴ݵĿɿԴȱɿԵǺѽһз
ġ

̽׶Bع˵A߼ϵȷҪԤBԤ⵽
еBBֵֻܲػع˵ABǰAֻһ֣Ԥļ
ֵΪǲȫԤ⣬ԤоҪʣAǰBҪѡȡ
ǰ¼Īά˹˵һ򵥵ķʽеB
֪ڿʽĳУ繢רҿԽǧ꣬кܶ
û취ռݣٵľһ⣬ҲҪв˵
Ĵԡź׳һ鼸ˣǲ
֪Ƿ񸲸еB¼޴ӵ֪Ԥȫ̶ȡ

Ϊ棬Ҳĳ̶ֳϵõһ֤ļ˵ͬ
Īά˹õļ˵һ˵˵м٣ܳ棬ǵõ̽
εļ˵һؼ֤ȻҪԤ⣬ҪԤ֤

ڵڶ׶ΣԤ׶Σ֤ABĹϵҲȹ۲A鿴B
ķԤоĹؼеоûߵһûκʵ
ֵھԤоʵǻԤ⣬ô鿴Bķ
ʡһԣ鿴AA£BķʣֻAûзA
֤ȫΪȱաٳзAġ

Ԥ֤Ҫ֣һǳڵĻع֤˵ԭѷ
¼дAB֤ǷAķBĽŷڶ
ȻǶģδBԤ⣬ʱݽǷ֤ʵ˵ļֵ
Īά˹Ļع֤Ƿ֤ڵ
һA¼ڵڶǷA¼ԭ£

________һ_________ڶ
1841________7.8%_____________3.5%
1842_______15.8%_____________7.6%
1843________9.0%_____________6.0%
1844________8.2%_____________2.3%
1845________6.9%_____________2.0%
1846_______11.4%_____________2.8%

ǿؿĪά˹ͨ˻ع֤ǿ׼ȷ
˵ӻ߽һԻԵԤ⻼ߵһԣ
ع֤оĿɿؿɹ۲ٶŶȽϵͣнһǰհ
Ԥоṩ֤ݲԤֵȻĪά˹оڴУΪ
Ķ󲻴ڳ⣬ʱ㹻ţûб仯
۲쵽ƽ

ԱĪά˹оרλ100Ժйѧѵ
˵оͲҲԣΪһͷѣ̽׶ǿϸһ
˵ҲȥˣҪѧѵƾֱҲõABĹϵ
Ҫ֤ΪһȻ߼ϵŹҲ
ڹչǰֻһźѰΪһӣ򵥵֤
ĺϵļ˵˿飡

ڹկʽѧߣʱĻ߹ʶҲ
϶һɵϣû߼ϵκԤȷA¼
B¼ķʡѰĵ֤
ѰʾܼˣǺ޳ܵغӣһź
ԤоСկѧ߸һ޳ҲûеߣǺ
ж޵أ֪Ѱн

ͷ˵ĺͲˢˣǻصĪά˹оϣ
ȷԤ⵽һ¼ĹϵôʣµľԤ
ĵ׶ˣоͨȥıȹ
ߣͲ֪Īά˹ѡ񣬹رյһ߸һڶ

Īά˹ʼ˵׶εоϹرʸߵԱ
ĲͬѲͬڵڶصĳɵڶľˡϸԱȣ
Īά˹Ψһǰҽѧѧģ
ʿѧģ鷳ˣҽѧѧάҲԺǱز٣ҽܲ
ԺֻʿҪҽˣԼԼҷġ

Īά˹·͵üȥҽѧʿʲôͬԱ𡢼ܡ
ϰߡԼһߵĶǻǶڿܼ
Īά˹˵϶һϵͳ̣̽99κˮһ˿
ѰʽۣĪά˹һλʬʱˣڲȵ
Īά˹ٶҽѧҽԺߣ²شҽѧ֣
˲ڣӶ鵼Ԥϵо̽˵
ͺ֤ܺˣֽ鵼ϴϴֲˡ

ִѧϰԵоʽҪ֤Īά˹ļ˵Ѳ˷ֳ
飬һ鲻ϴ֣һϴϴ֣ԱȽԣͿ½ˡĪ
ά˹Ͼѧۻûôƣֱҽѧϴ֣
ǰգݣ

________________ж________
1846.01_____________________________13.4%
1846.02_____________________________18.1%
1846.03_____________________________15.4%
1846.04_____________________________19.0%
1846.05_____________________________13.4%
1846.06_____________________________10.2%
1846.07_____________________________13.1%
1846.08_____________________________18.1%
1846.09_____________________________14.4%
1846.10_____________________________15.0%
1846.11_____________________________10.8%
1846.12______________________________5.4%
1847.01______________________________3.2%
1847.02______________________________1.9%
1847.03______________________________3.6%
1847.04_____________________________18.3%
1847.05___________пʼϴ______12.2%
1847.06______________________________2.2%
1847.07______________________________1.2%
1847.08______________________________1.9%
1847.09______________________________4.6%
1847.10______________________________4.0%
1847.11______________________________4.5%
1847.12______________________________2.9%
1848.01________ϸϴֹ涨·©__3.5%
1848.02______________________________0.7%
1848.03______________________________0.0%
1848.04______________________________0.7%

ʱУԱȷϴϻԵЧϵ
Īά˹۵õ֤ΪڸѧһʱĹ
šĪά˹ڿȻֲڣоĿԣɵ
˴Ԥ⵽ĽԱͬдģڵѧｨƲ
ѫĹĳĳ˵ͬն

ֻAԤBʵ֤BAϵĴկѧ߻רҵǣ
ǲҪԼڸԤоĺãȻ񣬵ȥˣ
 

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ԴҶҪѧڴ𲫶ķʦһֻǦͰ˾ɱֽû
һ㣬ǻһжɸߡֻܿһαӲƷĭ
˲ʮӱûˣƾǻܵȼźʦε
ģո͵̫ˣ

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ֻðһС磬һʱøɸɾȫһƬ


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ߣĳʶжģ˵С𣩣
ȡжȻǰǲԼܵ˺Ŀ
±ڶ¹ʷߣԼ޷Ǿ͸Ͻ
ֳ̱ڴ˵Ϊ㲻¹ֳ
˾ʱӦòȡֻһ֣ܣʱ
ûиѧϿΣǾ͸Ͻһ֮ȷΨһĻ
һˣôڿܵ½ŹϣǾͺΰˡʱ
ڸѧϿΣǾ͸ϽһҸܣȻȴѧܳ
¥ǴѧСѧʦҪΡ

ʦʣһѧмǷѧܣ
Լںչ˲мͬѧǷ񶨵ģΪʦϤ¥
·ߣ㲻ͷͬѧָܻܴλͬѧ
ͬѧԼǰ档

ʵҽҶˣǷֻһѧûи
ҸòûȥǣԱĻشѰζԱ;Ԯ
Աûиϵ֮ǰȥ˶ҽǾȳˣһλӢۣ
ԶܵҵǣǲָΪӢۡҪһõ
ȺΪ淶ܹûӢ۵Ҳܹ˵ȫ
һרҵԱֳϣԽԶԽãǷֹ


ÿεѵѧУ᲻ڵһϰһʱ
ͻȻʦϽ֯ͬѧɢΪҶ
ϤˣһоͱȽϾȻ

һҽԺϰ֮ǰϸѵаר
ǹ¹ʷʱӦʩҽԺѧУвͬ¹ʷ
ʱָ޷Ƶش¹ʣԱԮԱ;쵽֮ǰ
ҽԺĹԱҪļ£Ⱥ󣩣

һǾԮRescueԶ¹ֳרָв˵
򣩡

ڶǱAlarm츽ľ

Ǹ루Contain뿪¹ֳʱšҽԺÿ
һٿԿСʱԱ;ԮԱӾ𵽸ϵҽԺ
κһطᳬʮӣҽԺ·һվ֪
ǲǹŵģ

ļɢEvacuateתƵȫش

ļӢĵʵĵһĸŵһ𣬻һ֣ܣrace

ңļ£רҵԱǰġһǵ
ֳ뿪Աÿ˶һȨץˡ
һʵĹҽԺһλ𾯣һλҽ
ǰնλûɢܻȥλˣ
֪˵λϤ飬Աýոִ䣬
Աþ콫ͽڶҽԺԺ
ȥд˱֤飬ǧԪķŽ˳

ҽԺÿһְÿμһѵңҽԺÿ
ϰҶҪӺ;죬һ

һĺгᣬҪһ֮ЧĹƶȣأ
¹淶硶ʸ衷ûʲôҲ
ɻʵۡܿסģֻ֪ʶѵԼиҵΪ淶
ӵ׶԰ÿ궼ԱžȻ׶԰ǽ
עȫʦɢĺӣʱҪ
ʦҲԼܳȥ

ʦڵʱԼһԵˡ緽˵ʦ
϶Ҫ¸ڡǣķʦϸǰԼѷʱ
ΣҶڽܹ¹ʷʱӦʩѵԼһ
ԵˣǵȻ֤ϸʦйķʦأȻ
ʦĹ涨Ƿʦ쵼ڷʦϸǰû
ʦרŽܹʦڵѧУûжڵκΰȫѵ
ʦ˵ʱһƬհףܵذȾܣΪ
ʦδܹⷽĽѵʦΣиΡԣ
ʦһΪ淶Ʒ

淶ΪڵйȱȽǡУĵѧ
ЩУĽչУ֪жٲ淶֮
ɵĺͷʦΪɵĺʦİûѧ
޷ȡʦ¸ˣЩǷӺշӵԼӦø
ε쵼ǻᱻôǽĿԴ

ظһǸԱĻһӢۣԶܵҵ
ǣǲָʲôӢۡҪһõƶȺΪ淶ܹ
ûӢ۵Ҳܹ˵ȫ

(XYS20080624)

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270ȵҺ͡ϡϸ

ߣTAO

ڡ˿Ͽ»270ȵҺ͡ϡϸ,
ȻʧЦе㽫Žɡ»֪Ȼıе
»ıˮƽȷʵдߡ˲רңֻڶǰֲϸ
ϵҲӴҺеͼ˵ʲ
ôĳ嶯

˵ý߱ѧоʱԼĶҪ
һʱڵоͻ֪鵱ϸӺͻ֪
էһĳӡǷǳͬġ

Һ¶Ȳ270ȣ196ȡ¶ָķе¶ȡ
Һ⣬Һܴﵽ͵¶ȣûϣΪ̫
196Ѿ㹻˰ɣ˿ܾǶķϻż
˵ϣ´βٷͬ

ڡϡҲǶй⡣Һϴ
ԴҵҺţľҺ˹ھƹ㵽
ϡеʵĿģʱ棬ֲȣео
һѷչΪһԶķ֦ѧƣӢĽCryobiology,רŵڿ
,Ϊѧѧ׼ȷһʵң
벻Һһʱ˲ϷƷĿƱڼ
ܷı仯޶ȵرϲɼʱԭʼ״̬ĳЩøĻԡ
Һڶ̶ϱ״̬Ҳûۡ

ھҺٻصָܻѧԡ
֡ڡѭܻԵϸѷֳϸ
ϵͿһһȥһġϡʹʼ
׷˵ġϡȻ¡ȷʵѾʬ嶳
ȴгһտѧչʹʬҺ漼Ĳ˵
һԽĲϣԽѱ档ԭ֮һǣĳɹ񣬺¶
ٶȴйϵԽԽԼ¶ȱ仯ٶȡΪ
Ȼر仯ܿڲȴ

ҺбĲϣҲҪ൱ϸڻ
Ⱥͱʹõȡ

ԡϡĸֿŵЧǶ׼ȷ
ѧеͿ򵽡ϡѧĻִ
ġ뵽۵ĹڵԤԤĲ𣬸ƵĿбҪ
ȥ

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ص㱱ʦѧƸ̬ѧţĲ

ߣĲ

www.planta.cnվһ̬ѧţˣѡΪ
̬ѧıί(http://www.planta.cn/forum/viewtopic.php?t=10341)
һţڹڵҽܣѧĸУûгΪ
ڣûа취󲻵òع췹ĸУûֻڣ
񵽱ʦ˹صѧţˡ

ʦѧվҽ
http://ecology.bnu.edu.cn/moup/moupu.html

19536³У壬ˣ漮ĴԹȻδ̤˹
ҾӶɵأ֮ڴˡ䡮񡯣ۼ
߽ҲԲרչö飬⡯֮񱣬֮š
ʶ䡮Ρѧϰ̬ı֮ơ¶ʱĸ𣬷
ɽ¹ǾͱϣʱϾ֮պ߿ָ
ԸС
1978괺붫ѧԺ(ֶҵѧ)1982괺ҵѧʿѧλ
нѧһ꼯ѵξ롣1983ģű
밮ɴѧ(University of Idaho) ѧԺȺ˶ʿѧλ
ζѧ(Cornell University)  ȻԴϵʿشУ
飬 дģʱ(Ithaca-ʳΪɫ)ɽɫ֮
Ұ ֡Ӣɽʵ顣1991ģۼñ
δ±ѧ(Auburn University) ѧԺʿ1994ά
ѧԺ ѧ(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 
University) ѧԺͱɴѧ˹У (University of North 
Carolina at Greensboro) ϵʮ ֱ꣬ʦѧ֮
ǰȥʮأ̬ѧоѧμũҵȫ
о(NRICGP)ҿѧоĿĿƪ
Ľоڹ̬ѧѧ Journal of Ecology, Journal 
of Applied Ecology, Journal of Functional Ecology, Oecologia, Canadian 
Journal of Forest Research, Ecology, Landscape Ecology, New Phytologist, 
Forest Science, Plant and Soil ȣоɡѡΪ̬
ѧ޷ֲϯ(96-97)л̬ѧ(SINO-ECO)ϯ(91-92  
)μӴʹμӵĻάĻೣعк
о
إ䣬ҵδиȤУɭȺ̬ѧ̬
ϵͳ̬ѧ̬ѧ(̬ʱ)ֲ̬ѧֲģģ⣬
Ӱ̬ѧˮӰ졣ڣ̬ѧԭʵ()̬ϵͳ
̬ѧ(о)̬ѧ (о)ɭ̬ѧʵ(о)
߼ɭ ̬ѧ(о)ʱδʦΪҵ֮䣬ѽ
ִ˲ƣҲǾ˸֮ҵҿҲ

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ǹʵߡ

ȻڹվϿһƪɱݵӡ⽫ҵݳ壬
""

ҵְŵݣ˹˹еϢΣ׳ΪCIO

Village of Downers Grove, IL www.downers.us

ͬʱŵѧϵڣΪְ(Adjunct 
Professor) http://www.mpa.niu.edu/pub_ad/

ѧϵְ3ꡣѾûеǵվ
ҵļˡǷҵҾͲ֪ˡ

Ҽعѧ콲ܵġ/
νܣû̫ע⡣

ڡǿҲ˽ԼġԲ֤


http://blog.people.com.cn/blog/template/blog_template.html?site_id=91690

»һԴͣͣ2005棩ǽԼ
ȥλȤȥ

꣬ҼְӴ˼йõĴšһ
ǹĸɲȥǽΡҪǻҵĻţԵ
顣

ɲҪ޶˻വţƤһ֮ȥ˵ʵЩͷΡ
ܳԣֲܺȡңعѧѧҪѣ
ȫ˹סڸط㽲
Эйר֮Э顣ԴţƤķʽȥǲеġ

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йвҩƷͻױƷһС

ߣǰ¶

ĿһߵƷͻױƷᷢвҩʱ
ˣൽӻ¶ˮ㣬ϴˮԡ¶׻Ĥ
ûвҩ룿

ע⵽ҽ۵ĻԺ󣬿ʼвҩĶԶ֮Ƭ
ˣðҲԲڷҺˣʲô¡ߵϴˮˣ
ߵͬ˵̫עˣϲɾȾϽһһʼҲоͦŤ
ôˣڲͦҲûбвҩǻģ
ͨˣȻҽǺͿģôպͿķ
ʲôڡ֥ںͷʲôɶɶԸĿʲô
ƬȽⶾкͨ㣿ȡʲôĽģû
иãֻ֪ͿһֱԺͿҩעǰǳ
ʱһγ4~5һΣڼȻˣͲܺͿȥ
ôһˡ

ʵҩΪһĻѾ͸ճϸˣܶ˶Щ
ƷСŲɣʵûɹһֱôšǣôЩ
ЧɷֵʲôΪʲôߡϰҩ಻ҩȴҽθֿ
ǻΪʲô¡滨¶ˮãΪʲôϴˮ̷ܹںŨܣ
ʲôö֪ûн̼ҵǵص
һһЩױƷĸ汨ͷݣ

ױƷල 
(1989926չԺ׼198911133ŷ)
ױƷ˵飺
ʮױƷǩӦעƷơעҵ
֤ţСװ˵ӦעںЧʹޡ;
ױƷӦע׼šԿӦĻױƷ˵Ӧע
ʹ÷ע
ױƷǩСװ˵ϲעӦ֢Чʹ
ҽ
ʮױƷĹݣ
һױƷơƷЧûٿģ
ʹ屣֤԰ʾʹЧõģ
ҽõġ
(ԴٶȡױƷලȻ󡰰ٶȿա)

ֻҪϸģͻּᷢвҩƷݶҽۻ
УԾˣھв澫Ѫ뷢
Ŀ±ࡷأ߸ֹѪ֮ҩҲϡС֮ѪԽߣ
һζЧڲѪҩ񡣸Ǵҩò޷֮
˶а֮Ҳhttp://baike.baidu.com/view/34936.htmô
вҩƷأ˵סߡ廯ױƷʲôأ
޸ã˷ӡӴ̫˵º󣬸оԭױƷ
ô£о̼Ҳ̫ˣߵ̫ˣйص
̫Ϊˡ

ʹǼٵҲҪٵס

ܽһԼʣ

1Ϊʲôһã

2ױƷסߡĻ׵ĻͺǦйأΪʲ
ô

3С쳤ӣʲôҩãʲôЧãʲô

ڵõ˿ϴָ㡣Ҳϣдⷽ¶һЩ

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Ԥڲ

QQ



    ˿Ӱ죬ҶҽĿȻˣҩҲ
ǲȡȫܾ̬ȣҲԼҩ顣ҵȻҲҵ
˳ҽҩرҵСǣ캢Ӵ׶԰
˵׶԰ǺȰ˵ΪԤڲر
Ҳ˲ٹڲ֪ʶˣ˵ǲģԲ
ʲôأҲ²ʲôðԤһµ˼֣
׶԰ʦ˵ҵĺӺǶҲȷʦ᲻ᰴҵ
ҽӴҽѾܾˣмȫܰҽرҩҵ
š׶԰ͬʱú԰ʱúöҺˮ֣Ҿÿ
еã뵱꣬ΪԤǵﲻ֪ղ˶ٰ
ԼҲΪԤðҿûþͿʼ˿ˣȻ֪
ճӺȹˣڲˣˡ

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üһש

        

  XYS20080621һƪʷõ⣬Ҳⷽרң
ΪӣƽʱȽ⣬̲סдһ㣬ڴרָɡ

ӤķãҪЧĵĻаȫ⡣ȫĲͿҩ
ʡʵӰͨ磬ǵü

    (CDCCenters for Disease Control and Prevention)Ƽ
о(EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency)׼עĻԻ
ѧɷֵƷ

Ƥ֯ﴦҪ:
DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, N.N-һױı
ð)
Picaridin (KBR 3023һ춡)
Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (Ҷ) / PMD(para-menthane-3,8-diol, 
--38-, Ҷȡ)
IR3535 (3-[N-Butyl-N-acetyl]-aminopropionic acid, ethyl ester, 
ıĬ) 

֯ﴦģ
Permethrin (ȱѾȾı)

üֱɱãǸóĸо١ԼʹùIR3535
DEETĲƷǰ߹ڳСǿӤ¶11.5%Ĭ
100mlԼʮԪоЧʱȽ϶̣ĸСʱʧЧˡ
ʹù3MUltrathonDEETϸߣЧʱȽϳ۵
ۼ۱Ҫ˲٣ʹøоûСǿˬ

    üһĴ̼ԺͶԣҪ˵ȷʹáֻڱ¶
Ƥ֯ɽӴ˿ڣɽӴۺͿڣڶҲҪãӦԶ
ͯҲҪͿڶֲͯ(ֹ)ƤӦֹͣʹá
IR3535DEETƷҲڳмûй

ƤüDEET1957ͽгоӦΪ
ĲƷڰȫԺЧƷġο׼о
1999ЯWest NileŦԼ󣬴гòƷ
EPAҲӿ˶²Ʒ롣IR3535ŷ20꣬1999
гPicaridinBayer˾90ĩ2005г
ע̱ΪSaltidin˾ΪLANXESSµSaltigo GmbHƷ
ǺܶPMD2002гҶ͡˵еֿڣʵ
䡰ҩƷҶ̫Ϥˣ;(ԡԡ͡ӡ
ˮ)(ԡ͡͡ԡ͡͡Ƥ
͡ˮ)ֵעǣEPA׼עȡPMDǡȻ͵
Ҷ͡һΪͬŨ£ϳɵüֲȡЧã
ЧʱֲȡҲһȫ̼ԸС

ο:
Updated Information regarding Insect Repellents
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/repellentupdates.htm

Mosquito Control Methods
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/mosquitoes/control.htm

Insect Repellents
http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic540.htm

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־оԱֵˮƽԶأ

ߣΪ

Ȼע˿Щʱˣδ־֣쿴
йѧԺֲоϯоԱ־ˡһģְٶ
һ£磡ԭѧ绹ôʵ˾̾

ʷˮƽԶأ 

ǿҽ鸵־оԱͷúооʦѧڼïˮƽ
ӻڵĻӦŽоأȣоԱڵˮƽͣø׶Ρ

йѧ

йܣ

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оٿƼ಻
ԺʿȺѧս

й걨2008-06-24

     623յ磨ᣩƼܵϸ
˼ĲӰ죬һЩݺӵ󣬿ѧ½µ
սԺʿȺĿѧҲٸߵ623ٿй
ԺھŴԺʿϣйԺԺڹУ˺ܴƪ
ۼԺʿѧ½ĳɼ⡣

    ˵йԺԺʿҹ̿ƼĽܳͬʱҲӦΪ
ѧµģģȫԺʿĹ㷺ʶ

     ˵ǮѧɭԺʿΪһ̿ƼרҼٻй
ѧ߽Ԭ¡ƽѡ奡־ɶԺʿʱ
̿Ƽרҵȣǹ̿ƼĿ·ȷ棬ǿѧºµĵ䷶
ǹԺԺʿĽܳԺʿȺйԺĽҲǹ󹤳
Ƽѧϰİ

    ͬʱڱоһЩйؿѧµĲ󣺡Ѿ
ѧ𾪣һЩѧΪĹ㷺עԺ
ʿڶѧֵĹӰ죻ѡ˵걨ɼ
ܵɣЩӦΪ䡣

    ̸ʱ˶˹ĻκԼרҵ֮ⶼֻ
ǰͨԼ³Ѹ¡ԡġһˣС
ɡ֮šǿ˵仰ԣӦɡ

    йԺԺʿѧ½ӻ³̵޸СԺʿ
ὫҪͱ޶ġйԺ³̡Ժʿ׼У
ˡƷжı

    ݹԺԺƺ׽ͣڶ³̽޸ʱԺʿ485
ʾջ449ݡʾıǡƷдʾ77.5Ժ
ʿͬⷽҪ󣬵Ժʿ޳áƷж

    ۴ѧ̷Ժʿ˵³мƷµҪǺбҪġ

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